(KJV) Numbers 311
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⥃Vengeance on Midian
[1] And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying, [2] Avenge2 the children of Israel of the Midianites3: afterward shalt thou be gathered4 unto thy people. [3] And Moses spake unto the people, saying, Arm some5 of yourselves unto the war, and let them go against the Midianites, and avenge the Lord6 of Midian. [4] Of every tribe a thousand78, throughout all the tribes of Israel, shall ye send to the war. [5] So there were delivered out of the thousands of Israel, a thousand of [every] tribe, twelve thousand armed for war. [6] And Moses sent them to the war, a thousand9 of [every] tribe, them and Phinehas10 the son of Eleazar the priest, to the war, with the holy instruments11, and the trumpets to blow12 in his hand. [7] And they warred against the Midianites, as the Lord commanded Moses; and they slew all13 the males14. [8] And they slew the kings15 of Midian, beside the rest of them that were slain; [namely], Evi, and Rekem, and Zur16, and Hur, and Reba, five kings of Midian: Balaam17 also the son of Beor they slew with the sword. [9] And the children of Israel took [all] the women of Midian captives, and their little ones, and took the spoil of all their cattle, and all their flocks, and all their goods.18 [10] And they burnt all their cities wherein they dwelt, and all their goodly castles, with fire.19 [11] And they took all the spoil, and all the prey, [both] of men and of beasts.20 [12] And they brought the captives, and the prey, and the spoil, unto Moses, and Eleazar the priest, and unto the congregation of the children of Israel, unto the camp at the plains of Moab21, which [are] by Jordan [near] Jericho.
[13] And Moses, and Eleazar the priest, and all the princes of the congregation, went forth22 to meet them without the camp23. [14] And Moses was wroth24 with the officers of the host, [with] the captains over thousands, and captains over hundreds, which came from the battle25. [15] And Moses said unto them, Have ye saved all the women alive?26 [16] Behold, these caused27 the children of Israel, through the counsel of Balaam, to commit trespass against the Lord in the matter28 of Peor, and there29 was a plague among the congregation of the Lord. [17] Now therefore kill every male30 among the little ones, and kill every woman that hath known man by lying with him31. [18] But all the women children, that have not known a man by lying with him, keep alive for yourselves32. [19] And do ye abide33 without the camp seven days: whosoever hath killed any person, and whosoever hath touched any slain, purify [both] yourselves and your captives on the third day, and on the seventh day. [20] And purify all [your] raiment34, and all that is made35 of skins, and all work of goats’ [hair], and all things made of wood.
[21] [¶]And Eleazar the priest said unto the men of war which went to the battle, This [is] the ordinance of the law which the Lord commanded Moses;36 [22] Only the gold, and the silver, the brass, the iron, the tin, and the lead, [23] Every thing that may abide37 the fire, ye shall make [it] go through the fire, and it shall be clean: nevertheless it shall be purified38 with the water of separation: and all that abideth not the fire ye shall make39 go through the water. [24] And ye shall wash your clothes on the seventh day, and ye shall be clean, and afterward ye shall come into the camp.40
⥃Division of the Spoils
[25] And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying, [26] Take the sum of the prey that was taken41, [both] of man and of beast, thou, and Eleazar the priest, and the chief fathers of the congregation: [27] And divide the prey into two parts42; between them that took the war upon them, who went out to battle, and between all the congregation: [28] And levy43 a tribute unto the Lord of the men of war which went out to battle: one soul44 of five hundred, [both] of the persons, and of the beeves, and of the asses, and of the sheep: [29] Take [it] of their half, and give [it] unto Eleazar the priest, [for] an heave45 offering of the Lord. [30] And of the children of Israel’s half, thou shalt take one portion46 of fifty, of the persons, of the beeves, of the asses, and of the flocks47, of all manner of beasts, and give48 them unto the Levites, which keep the49 charge of the tabernacle of the Lord. [31] And Moses and Eleazar the priest did as the Lord commanded Moses. [32] And the booty50, [being] the rest of the prey which the men of war had caught, was six hundred thousand and seventy thousand and five thousand sheep, [33] And threescore and twelve thousand beeves, [34] And threescore and one thousand asses, [35] And thirty and two thousand persons in all, of women that had not known man by lying with him. [36] And the half, [which was] the portion of them that went out to war, was in number three hundred thousand and seven and thirty thousand and five hundred sheep: [37] And the Lord’s tribute of the sheep was six hundred and threescore and fifteen. [38] And the beeves [were] thirty and six thousand; of which the Lord’s tribute [was] threescore and twelve. [39] And the asses [were] thirty thousand and five hundred; of which the Lord’s tribute [was] threescore and one. [40] And the persons [were] sixteen thousand; of which the Lord’s tribute [was] thirty and two persons. [41] And Moses gave the tribute, [which was] the Lord’s heave offering, unto Eleazar51 the priest, as the Lord commanded Moses. [42] And of the children of Israel’s half, which Moses divided from the men that warred, [43] (Now the half [that pertained unto] the congregation was three hundred thousand and thirty thousand [and] seven thousand and five hundred sheep, [44] And thirty and six thousand beeves, [45] And thirty thousand asses and five hundred, [46] And sixteen thousand persons;) [47] Even of the children of Israel’s half, Moses took one portion of fifty, [both] of man and of beast, and gave them unto the Levites52, which kept the charge53 of the tabernacle of the Lord; as the Lord commanded Moses.
⥃The Voluntary Offering
[48] And the officers which [were] over thousands of the host, the captains of thousands, and captains of hundreds, came near unto Moses: [49] And they said unto Moses, Thy servants have taken the sum of the men of war which [are] under our charge54, and there lacketh55 not one man of us. [50] We have therefore brought56 an oblation57 for the Lord, what every man hath gotten58, of jewels of gold, chains, and bracelets, rings, earrings, and tablets, to make an atonement59 for our souls before the Lord. [51] And Moses and Eleazar the priest took the gold of them, [even] all wrought jewels.60 [52] And all the gold of the offering61 that they offered up to the Lord, of the captains of thousands, and of the captains of hundreds, was sixteen thousand seven hundred and fifty shekels. [53] ([For] the men of war had taken spoil, every man for himself.)62 [54] And Moses and Eleazar the priest took the gold of the captains of thousands and of hundreds, and brought it into the tabernacle of the congregation, [for] a memorial63 for the children of Israel before the Lord.
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Num 31:1, The Midianites are spoiled, and Balaam slain; Num 31:13, Moses is wroth with the officers, for saving the women alive; Num 31:19, How the soldiers, with their captives and spoil, are to be purified; Num 31:25, The proportion in which the prey is to be divided; Num 31:48, The voluntary oblation unto the treasury of the Lord. ↩
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Num 31:3, Num 25:17-18; Deut 32:35; Judg 16:24, Judg 16:28-30; Ps 94:1-3; Isa 1:24; Nah 1:2; Luke 21:22; Rom 12:19, Rom 13:4; 1Thess 4:6; Heb 10:30; Rev 6:10; Rev 18:20, Rev 19:2 ↩
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Num 27:13; Gen 15:15, Gen 25:8, Gen 25:17; Judg 2:10; Acts 13:36 ↩
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It was God's quarrel, not their own, that they were now to take up. These people were idolaters, and had seduced the Israelites to practise the same abominations. Idolatry is an offence against God; and the civil power has no authority to meddle with what belongs to Him, without especial directions, certified, as in this case, in the most unequivocal manner. Private revenge, ambition, or avarice were to have no place in this business: Jehovah is to be avenged; and through Him, the children of Israel (Num 31:2), because they were nearly ruined by their idolatries. If Jehovah, instead of punishing sinners by earthquakes, pestilence, or famine,is pleased expressly to command any person or people to avenge his cause, this commission justifies, nay sanctifies, war, massacre, or devastation. Though none at present shew such a commission, yet the Israelites could; and it is therefore absurd to censure Moses, Joshua, and Israel, for the dreadful slaughter made by them. God himself passed sentence of condemnation, and employed them merely as ministers of his vengeance; and unless it could be proved that the criminals did not deserve their doom, or that God had no right to punish his rebellious creatures, such objectors only shew their enmity to God by becoming the unsolicited advocates of his enemies. Num 25:11, Num 25:13; Exod 17:16; Lev 26:25; Judg 5:2, Judg 5:23; 2Kgs 9:7, 2Kgs 10:30; Jer 46:10; Jer 50:28 ↩
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Heb. A thousand of a tribe, a thousand of a tribe ↩
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Twelve thousand in all - a small number in proportion to all Israel, or to the forces which they had to encounter. As they were under the conduct of captains of thousands and hundreds, they probably had no general; for Phinehas seems to have accompanied them simply to take charge of "the holy instruments;" probably the ark and silver trumpets. ↩
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Num 14:44, Num 33:20-22; Exod 25:9; Josh 6:4-6, Josh 6:13-15; 1Sam 4:4-5, 1Sam 4:17, 1Sam 14:18; 1Sam 23:9; 2Sam 11:11 ↩
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Num 22:10, Num 24:25; Josh 13:22; Ps 9:16, Ps 10:2; 1Tim 6:9-10; 2Pet 2:15; Jude 1:11; Rev 2:14, Rev 19:20 ↩
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Num 12:3; Exod 32:19, Exod 32:22; Lev 10:16; 1Sam 15:13-14; 1Kgs 20:42; 2Kgs 13:19; Eph 4:26 ↩
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Heb. host of war ↩
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Deut 2:34, Deut 20:13, Deut 20:16-18; Josh 6:21, Josh 8:25, Josh 10:40, Josh 11:14; 1Sam 15:3; Ps 137:8-9; Jer 48:10; Ezek 9:6 ↩
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Num 24:14, Num 25:1-3; Prov 23:27; Eccl 7:26; 2Pet 2:15; Rev 2:14 ↩
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The sword of war should spare women and children, as incapable of resisting; but the sword of justice knows no distinction, except that of guilty or not guilty, or more or less guilty. This was the execution of a righteous sentence upon a guilty nation, in which the women were the greatest criminals; and it may safely be said, that their lives were forfeited by their personal transgressions. With respect to the execution of the male infants, who cannot be supposed to have been guilty, God, the author and supporter of life, who has a right to dispose of it when and how he thinks proper, commanded it; and "shall not the Judge of all the earth do right?" Judg 21:11-12 ↩
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Heb. a male ↩
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It has been groundlessly asserted, that Moses here authorised the Israelites to make concubines of the whole number of female children; and an insidious objection against his writings has been grounded upon this monstrous supposition. But the whole tenor of the law, and especially a statute recorded in Deut 21:10-14, proves most decisively to the contrary. They were merely permitted to possess them as female slaves, educating them in their families, and employing them as domestics; for the laws concerning fornication, concubinage, and marriage, were in full force, and prohibited an Israelite even from marrying a captive, without delays and previous formalities; and if he afterwards divorced her, he was to set here at liberty, "because he had humbled her." Lev 25:44; Deut 20:14, Deut 21:10-14; 2Chr 28:8-10; Isa 14:2 ↩
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Though the Israelites had acted by the commission of God, yet they had contracted pollution by touching the dead; and the spoil having been used by idolaters, must also be purified in the prescribed manner. Num 5:2, Num 19:11-22; 1Chr 22:8 ↩
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Heb. instrument, or, vessel ↩
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Isa 43:2; Zech 13:9; Mal 2:2-3; Matt 3:11; 1Cor 3:13; 1Pet 1:7, 1Pet 4:12; Rev 3:18 ↩
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Gen 14:20; Josh 6:19, Josh 6:24; 2Sam 8:11-12; 1Chr 18:11, 1Chr 26:26-27; Prov 3:9-10; Isa 18:7, Isa 23:18, Isa 60:9; Matt 22:21 ↩
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or, goats ↩
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Num 3:7-8, Num 3:25, Num 3:31, Num 3:36-39, Num 18:1-5, Num 18:23; 1Chr 9:27-29, 1Chr 23:32, 1Chr 26:20-27; Acts 20:28; 1Cor 4:2; Col 4:17; Heb 13:17 ↩
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It appears from the enumeration here, that the Israelites, in this war with the Midianites, took 32,000 female prisoners, 61,000 asses, 72,000 beeves, and 675,000 sheep and small cattle; besides the immense number of males who fell in battle, and the women and children who were slain by the divine command (Num 31:17). This booty was divided into equal parts, by which partition a far larger share was justly given to the warriors employed on the expedition, who were only 12,000, than to those, who being equally willing to go, were ordered to stay in the camp. Each party was to give a certain proportion to Jehovah, as their sovereign, in grateful acknowledgment that to him they owed their success. The soldiers to give to the Lord one out of every five hundred persons, beeves, asses, and sheep (Num 31:28), and the people, who by staying at home risked nothing, and had no fatigue, were to give one out of fifty of each of the above to the Levites, who were far more numerous than the priests (Num 31:30). It does not appear that a single ox, sheep, or ass, was required by Moses as his portion; or that there was any given to him by the people; and though he had a family as well as others, yet no provision was made for them above the common lot of Levites! ↩
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Num 31:29-31, Num 18:8, Num 18:19; Matt 10:10; 1Cor 9:10-14; Gal 6:6; 1Tim 5:17; Heb 7:4-6, Heb 7:9-12 ↩
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Heb. hand ↩
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The officers of the army having mustered their men, found they had not lost a man in the contest with Midian! Penetrated with gratitude for this most remarkable interposition of Providence in their favour, they now offer to Jehovah the golden jewels which they had found among the spoil, to the amount of 16,750 shekels, equal to £37,869, 16s. 5d. of our money. ↩
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Heb. found ↩
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Num 16:40; Exod 30:16; Josh 4:7; Ps 18:49, Ps 103:1-2, Ps 115:1, Ps 145:7; Zech 6:14; Luke 22:19; Acts 10:4 ↩