Lexical Definition

‎עֵד‎ ʻêd (ayd) witness ^H:N-M
contracted from ‎עוּד‎

witness.

• concretely, a witness
• abstractly, testimony
• specifically, a recorder, i.e. prince

1) witness
1a) witness, testimony, evidence (of things)
1b) witness (of people)

See Greek: μαρτυρέω · μαρτυρία · μαρτύριον · μάρτυς

Brown-Driver-Briggs

‎עֵד‎₆₉ noun masculine^{Deut 17:6} witness (probably from reiterating, hence emphatically affirming); — ‎׳‎‎ע‎ absolute Gen 31:48 +, construct Exod 20:16 +; suffix ‎עֵדִי‎ Job 16:19 plural ‎עֵדִים‎ Num 35:30 +, construct ‎עֵדֵי‎ Ps 27:12; Ps 35:11 suffix ‎עֵדַי‎ Isa 43:10; Isa 43:12, etc.; —

1. witness, testimony, evidence, of things: heap of stones Gen 31:44; Gen 31:48; Gen 31:52 (JE), torn animal Exod 22:12* (E), song of Moses Deut 31:19; Deut 31:21 (J), law-book vDeut 31:26 (D), witness of ‎׳‎‎י‎ against Israel; altar east of Jordan, with ‎בֵּין‎, Josh 22:27; Josh 22:28; Josh 22:34 (P), compare Isa 19:20 Job's evil condition Job 16:8 the moon Ps 89:38*.

2. witness, a person:
a. God, in heaven for Job Job 16:19 on earth, for Samuel 1Sam 12:5 (twice in verse) + v1Sam 12:6 ᵐ5 Th and most, Jeremiah Jer 42:5 see also 1Sam 20:12 (insert ‎עֵד‎ before ‎׳‎‎י‎ ᵑ6 Dr Bu Kit Löhr HPS); against persons Jer 29:23; Mal 3:5, nations Mic 1:2 between (‎בֵּין‎ persons Gen 31:50 (E).
b. Davidic dyn., to nations Isa 55:4.
c. witnesses, of transfer of property Jer 32:10; Jer 32:12; Jer 32:25; Jer 32:44, betrothal Ruth 4:9; Ruth 4:10; Ruth 4:11 usually of testimony in court, and in civil and social relations, with ‎בְּ‎ against, Num 5:13; Josh 24:22; 1Sam 12:5 +, with ‎קום‎ rise up against Ps 27:12; Ps 35:11 ‎עָנָה עֵד שֶׁקֶר בְּ‎ answer (in court) as a false witness against Exod 20:16 = ‎עֵד שָׁוְא‎ Deut 5:17; Prov 25:18 ‎לְפִי עֵדִים‎ Num 35:30 (P); ‎עַלפִּֿי עֵדִ(יםׅ‎ Deut 17:6 (twice in verse) at the mouth of witnesses, so Deut 19:15 (twice in verse). — False witness is ‎שֶׁקֶר‎ ‎׳‎‎ע‎ Exod 20:16; Deut 19:18 (twice in verse); Ps 27:12; Prov 6:19; Prov 14:5 ‎שְׁקָרִים‎ ‎׳‎‎ע‎ Prov 12:17; Prov 19:5; Prov 19:9 ‎כְּזָבִים‎ ‎׳‎‎ע‎ Prov 21:28 ‎חִנָּם‎ ‎׳‎‎ע‎ Prov 24:28 ‎בְּלִיַּעַל‎ ‎׳‎‎ע‎ Prov 19:28 ‎חָמָס‎ ‎׳‎‎ע‎ witness of (i.e. supporting) violence Exod 23:1 (E) Deut 19:16; Ps 35:11. Faithful witness is ‎אֱמוּנִים‎ ‎׳‎‎ע‎ Prov 14:5 ‎אֱמֶת‎ ‎׳‎‎ע‎ Jer 42:5; Prov 14:25.

[‎שָֽׂהֲדוּ‎] noun feminine testimony (√ ‎שְׂהַד‎ = ᵑ7 ‎סְהַד‎ testify, Syriac , Arabic testify, compare Biblical Hebrew [‎שָׂהֵד‎] (once, as loan-word) K^{Aramaic 86}; Egyptian Aramaic plural ‎שהדיאֹ‎ witnesses Cooke⁴⁰⁴ S-C^{A. 15} + often); — emphatic ‎שָֽׂהֲדוּתָא‎ Gen 31:47 (|| Biblical Hebrew ‎עֵד‎).

Brown-Driver-Briggs References