Lexical Definition

‎חָרַשׁ‎ chârash (khaw-rash') to plow/plot ^H:V
a primitive root

[idiom] altogether, cease, conceal, be deaf, devise, ear, graven, imagine, leave off speaking, hold peace, plow(-er, man), be quiet, rest, practise secretly, keep silence, be silent, speak not a word, be still, hold tongue, worker.

• to scratch, i.e. (by implication) to engrave, plough
• hence (from the use of tools) to fabricate (of any material)
• figuratively, to devise (in a bad sense)
• hence (from the idea of secrecy) to be silent, to let alone
• hence (by implication) to be deaf (as an accompaniment of dumbness)

1) to cut in, plough, engrave, devise
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to cut in, engrave
1a2) to plough
1a3) to devise
1b) (Niphal) to be ploughed
1c) (Hiphil) to plot evil
2) to be silent, be dumb, be speechless, be deaf
2a) (Qal)
2a1) to be silent
2a2) to be deaf
2b) (Hiphil)
2b1) to be silent, keep quiet
2b2) to make silent
2b3) to be deaf, show deafness
2c) (Hithpael) to remain silent

See Greek: ἄγω · αἰσχύνομαι · ἀροτριόω · ἡσυχάζω · ἡσυχία · θερίζω · κατασκευάζω · παρακούω · σιγάω · σιωπάω

Brown-Driver-Briggs

I. [‎חָרַשׁ‎] verb cut in, engrave, plough, devise (Late Hebrew id., plough, so Eth Phoenician ‎חרש‎, Aramaic (rare) ‎חֲרַת‎ engrave, cleave, plough, Arabic plough) —

Qal Perfect ‎חָֽרְשׁוּ‎ Ps 129:3, ‎חֲרַשְׁתֶּם‎ Judg 14:18; Hos 10:13 Imperfect ‎יַחֲרשׁ‎ Isa 28:24; Prov 20:4 ‎יַחֲרוֺשׁ‎ Hos 10:11+ Amos 6:12 (see below); 2 masculine singular ‎תַּחֲרשׁ‎ Deut 22:10; Prov 3:29 Infinitive construct ‎חֲרשׁ‎ 1Sam 8:12 Participle ‎חֹרֵשׁ‎ Gen 4:22 + 5 t.; ‎חוֺרֵשׁ‎ Amos 9:13 plural ‎חֹרְשִׁים‎ Ps 129:3, ‎חֹרְשֵׁי‎ Job 4:8 + 3 t., feminine plural absolute ‎חֹרְשׁוֺת‎ Job 1:14 passive ‎חֲרוּשָׁה‎ Jer 17:1: —

1. cut in, engrave, of worker in metals ‎נְחשֶׁת וּבַרְזֶל‎ ‎׳‎‎ח‎ Gen 4:22 (J), ‎נחשׁת‎ ‎׳‎‎ח‎ 1Kgs 7:14 figurative ‎עַללֿוּחַ לִבָּם‎ ‎׳‎‎ח‎ Jer 17:1 engraved on the tablet of their heart.

2. plough, literally, human subject (animal usually with ‎בְּ‎), no object expressed 1Kgs 19:19; Deut 22:10; Isa 28:24, so ‎יַחֲרוֺשׁ בבקרים‎ Amos 6:12 (but read probably ‎יֵחָרֵשׁ בבקר יָם‎, see We and others); with accusative of congnate meaning with verb ‎חֲרִישׁוֺ‎ ‎׳‎‎ח‎ 1Sam 8:12 plough his ploughing (= do his ploughing), Prov 20:4 figurative of Judah Hos 10:11 with ethical reference ‎רֶשַׁע‎ ‎׳‎‎ח‎ vHos 10:13 (|| ‎קצר‎), ‎אָוֶן‎ ‎׳‎‎ח‎ Job 4:8 (|| ‎זרע‎, ‎קצר‎); ‎עַלגַּֿבִּי חָֽרְשׁוּ חֹרְשִׁים‎ Ps 129:3 upon my back have ploughmen ploughed (figurative of oppression by wicked); ‎חֹרֵשׁ‎ = ploughman Isa 28:24; Amos 9:13 (|| ‎קוֺצֵר‎); ‎׳‎‎ח‎ with oxen subject only Job 1:14.

3. devise (as one who works in, practises), usually bad sense, object ‎רָעָה‎ Prov 3:29, ‎רַע‎ Prov 6:14 ‎מַחְשְׁבוֺת אָוֶן‎ vProv 6:18, ‎חֹרְשֵׁירַע‎ Prov 12:20; Prov 14:22 but also ‎חֹרְשֵׁי טוֺב‎ vProv 14:22. Niph`al Imperfect 3 feminine singular ‎צִיּוֺן שָׂדֶה תֵּחָרֵשׁ‎ Mic 3:12 Zion, as a field she shall be ploughed = Jer 26:18. Hiph`il Participle ‎מַחֲרִישׁ רָעָה עַלֿ‎ 1Sam 23:9 fabricating mischief against (see Dr, and compare We).

II. [‎חָרֵשׁ‎]

verb 1. be silent, dumb, speechless;

2. be deaf; chiefly poet. (Late Hebrew Pi`el make deaf; Aramaic , be dumb, deaf; Arabic be dumb, speechless, compare Assyrian —arâšu, restrain, according to Dl^{Pr 100}; see Lag^{BN 120}) —

Qal Imperfect ‎יֶחֱרָ֑שׁ‎ Ps 50:3 2 masculine singular ‎תֶּחֱרַשׁ‎ Ps 28:1; Ps 83:2* ‎תֶּחֱרַ֑שׁ‎ Ps 35:22; Ps 109:1 ‎תֶּחֱרָ֑שׁ‎ Ps 39:13* 3 feminine plural ‎תֶּחֱרַ֑שְׁנָה‎ Mic 7:16 —

1. be silent, always of God's keeping silence when men pray Ps 35:22; Ps 50:3; Ps 83:2*; Ps 109:1 followed by ‎אֶלֿ‎ Ps 39:13*.

2. be deaf, subject ‎׳‎‎י‎, followed by ‎מִמֶּנִּי‎ Ps 28:1 subject ‎אָזְנַיִם‎ Mic 7:16. Hiph`il Perfect ‎חֶחֱרִשׁ‎ Num 30:15*; Gen 34:5 ‎יְחֶחֱרִישׁ‎ consecutive Num 30:5*; Num 30:8* ‎וְהֶחֱרִשׁ‎ consecutive Num 30:12* ‎הֶחֱרַ֫שְׁתִּי‎ Esth 7:4 + 2 t. etc.; Imperfect ‎יַחֲרִישׁ‎ Num 30:15* + 2 t. (including Zeph 3:17 see below); 2 masculine singular ‎תַּחֲרִישׁ‎ Hab 1:13 jussive ‎תַּחְרֵשׁ‎ 1Sam 7:8 2 masculine plural ‎תַּחֲרִישׁוּן‎ Job 13:5 ‎תַּחֲרִשׁוּן‎ Exod 14:14, etc.; Imperative ‎הַחֲרֵשׁ‎ Judg 18:19 + 2 t.; ‎הַחֲרִ֫ישִׁי‎ 2Sam 13:20 ‎הַחֲרִ֫ישׁוּ‎ Job 13:13; Isa 41:1 Infinitive absolute ‎הַחֲרֵשׁ‎ Num 30:15* + 2 t.; Participle ‎מַחֲרִישׁ‎ Gen 24:21 + 2 t. (including 1Sam 10:27 see below); ‎מַחֲרִישִׁים‎ 2Sam 19:11* —

1. be silent (= exhibit silence)
a. almost always of men Gen 24:21; Gen 34:5; Exod 14:14 (all J), Judg 18:19; 2Sam 13:20; 2Sam 19:11*; 2Kgs 18:36 = Isa 36:21; Jer 4:19; Job 6:24; Job 13:5 (twice in verse); Job 13:19; Job 33:31; Job 33:33; Prov 11:12; Prov 17:28; Ps 32:3; Neh 5:8; Esth 4:14 (twice in verse); Esth 7:4 also ‎וַיְהִי כְּמַחֲרִישׁ‎ 1Sam 10:27 (but read rather ‎ויהי כְּמֵחֹדֶשׁ‎ and it came to pass after about a month, ᵐ5 Dr); ‎יחרישׁ באהבתו‎ Zeph 3:17 (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ‎יְחַדֵּשׁ‎ he will renew his love, see especially Buhl^ZAW see 1885, 183); ‎׳‎‎ח‎ with ‎לְ‎ person keep silence at one, i.e. fail to make objection at proper time Num 30:5*; Num 30:8*; Num 30:12*; Num 30:15* (3 t. in verse) (all P); ‎אלי‎ ‎׳‎‎הח‎ Isa 41:1 pregnantly = come silently unto me; followed by ‎מִן‎ person cease to speak with Jer 38:27 be silent about, pass by in silence, followed by accusative ‎בַּדָּיו‎ ‎׳‎‎אח‎ Job 41:4*.
b. rarely of God, permitting evil in silence Hab 1:13; Isa 42:14; Ps 50:21.

2. once causat. make silent, with accusative Job 11:3.

3. be deaf, shew deafness: ‎אַלֿ‎ ‎תַּחֲרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ מִזְּעֹק‎ 1Sam 7:8 be not deaf (turning) from us, so as not to cry. **Hithpa`el Imperfect 3 masculine plural ‎וַיִּתְחָֽרְשׁוּ‎ Judg 16:2 and they kept quiet.

Brown-Driver-Briggs References