(KJV) Judges 71
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⥃Gideon’s Army of Three Hundred
[1] Then Jerubbaal2, who [is] Gideon, and all the people that [were] with him, rose up3 early, and pitched beside the well of Harod: so that the host of the Midianites were on the north side of them, by the hill of Moreh4, in the valley. [2] And the Lord said unto Gideon, The people that [are] with thee [are] too many5 for me to give the Midianites into their hands, lest Israel6 vaunt themselves against me, saying, Mine own7 hand hath saved me. [3] Now therefore go to, proclaim in the ears of the people, saying, Whosoever8 [is] fearful and afraid, let him return and depart early from mount Gilead9. And there returned of the people twenty10 and two thousand; and there remained ten thousand. [4] And the Lord said unto Gideon, The people11 [are] yet [too] many; bring them down unto the water, and I will12 try them for thee there: and it shall be, [that] of whom I say unto thee, This shall go with thee, the same shall go with thee; and of whomsoever I say unto thee, This shall not go with thee, the same shall not go. [5] So he brought down the people unto the water: and the Lord said unto Gideon, Every one that lappeth13 of the water with his tongue, as a dog lappeth, him shalt thou set by himself; likewise every one that boweth down upon his knees to drink. [6] And the number of them that lapped, [putting] their hand to their mouth, were three hundred men: but all the rest of the people bowed down upon their knees to drink water. [7] And the Lord said unto Gideon, By the three hundred men that lapped will I save you, and deliver the Midianites into thine hand: and let all the [other] people go every man unto his place.14 [8] So the people took victuals in their hand, and their trumpets15: and he sent all [the rest of] Israel every man unto his tent, and retained those three hundred men: and the host of Midian was beneath him in the valley16.
⥃The Sword of Gideon
[9] And it came to pass the same17 night, that the Lord said unto him, Arise18, get thee down unto the host; for I have delivered19 it into thine hand. [10] But if thou fear to go down, go thou with Phurah thy servant down to the host:20 [11] And thou shalt21 hear what they say; and afterward shall thine hands22 be strengthened to go down unto the host. Then went he down with Phurah his servant unto the outside of the armed men23 that [were] in the host. [12] And the Midianites24 and the Amalekites and all the children of the east lay along in the valley like grasshoppers25 for multitude; and their camels [were] without number, as the sand by the sea side for multitude. [13] And when Gideon was come, behold, [there was] a man that told a dream unto his fellow, and said, Behold, I dreamed a dream, and, lo, a cake26 of barley bread tumbled into the host of Midian, and came unto a tent, and smote it that it fell, and overturned it, that the tent lay along. [14] And his fellow27 answered and said, This [is] nothing else save the sword of Gideon the son of Joash, a man of Israel: [for] into his hand28 hath God delivered Midian, and all the host.
⥃Gideon Defeats Midian
[15] [¶]And it was [so], when Gideon heard the telling of the dream, and the interpretation thereof29, that he worshipped30, and returned into the host of Israel, and said, Arise31; for the Lord hath delivered into your hand the host of Midian. [16] And he divided the three hundred men [into] three companies32, and he put a trumpet33 in every man’s hand, with empty34 pitchers, and lamps35 within the pitchers. [17] And he said unto them, Look on me, and do likewise: and, behold, when I come to the outside of the camp, it shall be [that], as I do, so shall ye do.36 [18] When I blow with a trumpet, I and all that [are] with me, then blow ye37 the trumpets also on every side of all the camp, and say, [The sword38] of the Lord, and of Gideon.
[19] [¶]So Gideon, and the hundred men that [were] with him, came unto the outside of the camp in the beginning39 of the middle watch; and they had but newly set the watch: and they blew40 the trumpets, and brake41 the pitchers that [were] in their hands. [20] And the three companies blew42 the trumpets, and brake43 the pitchers, and held the lamps in their left hands, and the trumpets in their right hands to blow [withal]: and they cried, The sword of the Lord, and of Gideon. [21] And they stood44 every man in his place round about the camp: and all the host45 ran, and cried, and fled. [22] And the three hundred blew46 the trumpets, and the Lord47 set every man’s sword again48st his fellow, even throughout all the host: and the host fled to Beth–shittah in Zererath49, [and] to the border50 of Abel–meholah51, unto Tabbath52. [23] And the men of Israel gathered themselves together out of Naphtali, and out of Asher, and out of all Manasseh, and pursued after the Midianites.53
[24] [¶]And Gideon sent54 messengers throughout all mount Ephraim, saying, Come down against the Midianites, and take before55 them the waters unto Beth–barah56 and Jordan. Then all the men of Ephraim gathered themselves together, and took the waters unto Beth–barah and Jordan. [25] And they took two princes57 of the Midianites, Oreb and Zeeb; and they slew Oreb upon the rock58 Oreb59, and Zeeb they slew at the winepress of Zeeb, and pursued Midian, and brought60 the heads of Oreb and Zeeb to Gideon on the other side61 Jordan.
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Judg 7:1, Gideon’s army of two and thirty thousand is brought to three hundred; Judg 7:9, He is encouraged by the dream and interpretation of the burley cake; Judg 7:16, His stratagem of trumpets and lamps in pitchers; Judg 7:24, The Ephraimites take Oreb and Zeeb. ↩
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It appears that Jerubbaal had now become the surname of Gideon. He is mentioned by Sanchoniathon, quoted by Eusebius, who lived in the reign of Ithobal, king of Tyre, and consequently a little after the time of Gideon, by the name of Jerombalus, a priest of Jeuo or Jao. Judg 6:32 ↩
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1Sam 14:6; 2Chr 14:11; Zech 4:6, Zech 12:7; 1Cor 1:27-29, 1Cor 2:4-5; 2Cor 4:7; 2Cor 10:4-5 ↩
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Deut 32:27; Isa 2:11, Isa 2:17; Jer 9:23; Rom 3:27, Rom 11:18; 1Cor 1:29; Eph 2:9; Jas 4:6 ↩
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Deut 8:17; Isa 10:13; Ezek 28:2, Ezek 28:17; Dan 4:30; Hab 1:16 ↩
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Gideon was certainly not at mount Gilead, east of Jordan at this time; but rather near mount Gilboa, west of Jordan. Calmet thinks there must either have been two Gileads, which does not appear from Scripture to have been the case, or that the Hebrew Text is corrupt, and that for Gilead we should read Gilboa. This reading, though adopted by Houbigant, is not confirmed by an manuscript or version. Dr. Hales endeavours to reconcile the whole, by the supposition that in Gideon's army there were many eastern Manassites from mount Gilead, near the Midianites; and therefore proposes to read, "Whosoever from mount Gilead is fearful and afraid, let him return (home) and depart early." ↩
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Gen 22:1; 1Sam 16:7; Job 23:10; Ps 7:9, Ps 66:10; Jer 6:27-30; Mal 3:2-3 ↩
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The original word yalok, is precisely the sound which the dog makes in lapping. It appears that it is not unusual for the Arabs to drink water out of the palms of their hands; and, from this account, we learn that the Israelites did so occasionally. Dr. A. Clarke, in his edition of Harmer, has presented us with the following curious manuscript note from Dr. Russell. "When they take water with the palms of their hands, they naturally place themselves on their hams, to be nearer the water; but when they drink from a pitcher or gourd, fresh filled, they do not sit down on purpose to drink, but drink standing, and very often put the sleeve of their shirt over the mouth of the vessel, by way of strainer, lest small leeches might have been taken up with the water. For the same reason they often prefer taking the water with the palm of the hand to lapping it from the surface." From the letters of Busbequius we learn, that the Eastern people are not in the habit of drinking standing. The 300 men, who satisfied their thirst in the most expeditious manner, by this sufficiently indicated their spirit, and alacrity to follow Gideon in his dangerous enterprise; while the rest shewed their love of ease, self-indulgence, effeminacy, and want of courage. Judg 7:5 ↩
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Judg 3:27; Lev 23:24, Lev 25:9; Num 10:9; Josh 6:4, Josh 6:20; Isa 27:13; 1Cor 15:52 ↩
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Gen 46:2-3; Job 4:13, Job 33:15-16; Matt 1:20, Matt 2:13; Acts 18:9-10, Acts 27:23 ↩
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Judg 3:10, Judg 3:28, Judg 4:14-15; 2Chr 16:8-9, 2Chr 20:17 ↩
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1Sam 23:16; Ezra 6:22; Neh 6:9; Isa 35:3-4; 2Cor 12:9-10; Eph 3:16; Eph 6:10; Phil 4:13 ↩
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or, ranks by five, Exod 13:18 *marg. ↩
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Judg 8:10; 2Chr 14:9-12; Ps 3:1, Ps 33:16, Ps 118:10-12; Isa 8:9-10 ↩
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Judg 3:15, Judg 3:31, Judg 4:9, Judg 4:21, Judg 6:15; Isa 41:14-15; 1Cor 1:27 ↩
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This small number of men, thus divided, would be able to encompass the whole camp of the Midianites. Concealing the lamps in the pitchers, they would pass unobserved to their appointed stations; then, in the dead of the night, when most of the enemy were fast asleep, all at once breaking their pitchers one against another, with as much noise as they could, and blowing the trumpets and shouting; they would occasion an exceedingly great alarm. The obedience of faith alone could have induced such an expedient, which no doubt God directed Gideon to employ. - Scott. ↩
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Heb. trumpets in the hand of all of them ↩
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or, fire-brands, or torches ↩
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The word cherev, "sword," necessarily implied, and rightly supplied by our venerable translators from Judg 7:20, is found in this place, in the Chaldee, Syriac, and Arabic, and in eight manuscripts; and evidently appears to be genuine. 1Sam 17:47; 2Chr 20:15-17 ↩
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How astonishing and overwhelming must the effect be, in a dark night, of the sudden glare of 300 torches, darting their splendour in the same instant on the half-awakened eyes of the terrified Midianites; accompanied with the clangor of 300 trumpets, alternately mingled with the thundering shout of cherav yehovah oolegidon, "The sword of Jehovah and of Gideon!" Num 10:1-10; Josh 6:4, Josh 6:16, Josh 6:20; Isa 27:13; 1Cor 15:52; 1Thess 4:16 ↩
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or, toward ↩
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Heb. lip ↩
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Situated, according to Eusebius 16 miles south from Scythopolis, or Beth–shan. 1Kgs 4:12, 1Kgs 19:16 ↩
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Probably the town of Οηβης, mentioned by Eusebius, 13 miles from Neapolis, or Shechem, towards Scythopolis. ↩
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Probably the same as Bethabara, beyond Jordan, and at the ford where the Hebrews passed under the direction of Joshua. John 1:28 ↩
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Eusebius and Jerome speak of a small place called Araba, three miles west from Scythopolis, which is supposed by some to have had its name from Oreb. ↩
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Among ancient nations, the head of the conquered chief was usually brought to the conqueror. Thus Pompey's head was brought to Cesar, Cicero's head to Mark Anthony, and the heads of Ahab's children to Jehu. These barbarities are seldom practised now, except among the Mahommedans, or the savages of Africa and America; and for the credit of human nature, it is to be wished that such atrocities had never been committed. ↩
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The words maiaiver lyyarden, may denote at the passage of Jordan, or from beyond Jordan. Gideon does not appear to have yet passed the Jordan. Judg 8:4 ↩