Lexical Definition

‎קָשֶׁה‎ qâsheh (kaw-sheh') severe ^H:A
from ‎קָשָׁה‎

churlish, cruel, grievous, hard((-hearted), thing), heavy, [phrase] impudent, obstinate, prevailed, rough(-ly), sore, sorrowful, stiff(necked), stubborn, [phrase] in trouble.

• severe (in various applications)

1) hard, cruel, severe, obstinate
1a) hard, difficult
1b) severe
1c) fierce, intense, vehement
1d) stubborn, stiff of neck, stiff-necked
1e) rigorous (of battle)

Brown-Driver-Briggs

‎קָשֶׁה‎ adjective hard, severe; — absolute ‎׳‎‎ק‎ Exod 18:26 +; construct Exod 32:9 +; feminine singular ‎קָשָׁה‎ Deut 26:6 +; construct ‎קְשַׁת‎ 1Sam 1:15 masculine plural ‎קָשִׁים‎ 2Sam 3:39 construct ‎קְשֵׁי‎ Ezek 2:4; Ezek 3:7 feminine plural ‎קָשׁוֺת‎ Gen 42:7; Gen 42:30 —

1. hard, difficult, of a legal question (‎דָּבָר‎) Exod 18:26 (E).

2. a. severe, of battle 2Sam 2:17, wind Isa 27:8, servitude (‎עֲבֹדָה‎) 1Kgs 12:4 = 2Chr 10:4; Deut 26:6; Isa 14:3; Exod 1:14; Exod 6:9 (both P); as n.collective ‎הִרְאִיתָ עַמְּךָ קָשָׁה‎ Ps 60:5* thou hast made thy people see severe things; ‎קְשֵׁה יוֺם‎ Job 30:25 i.e. one whose time (life) is hard, so 1Sam 1:15 (reading ‎קְשַׁת יוֺם‎ for ‎רוּחַ‎ ‎׳‎‎ק‎, ᵐ5 Th We Dr and others); severe, rough, of lord (‎אֲדֹנִים‎) Isa 19:4, compare 2Sam 3:39 (with ‎מִן‎ compare [‎מִמֶּנּוּ‎? see HPS]); ‎הָלוֺח וְקָשָׁה עַלֿ‎ Judg 4:24 the hand of the sons of Israel went on being more and more severe upon Jabin; fierce, relentless, of ‎׳‎‎י‎'s sword Isa 27:1 (in figurative); rough, rude 1Sam 25:3 severe things, of language Gen 42:7; Gen 42:30 (E; with ‎דִּדֶּר‎), 1Sam 20:10; 1Kgs 12:13 = 2Chr 10:13 (all with ‎עָנָה‎); ‎וְאָנֹכִי שָׁלוּחַ אֵלַיִח קָשָׁה‎ 1Kgs 14:6 I am commissioned with a severe (message) unto thee (Ges^{«GKC:121d»§ 121d}. N.2 Da^{Synt. §§ 75} (d), 80); ‎חָזוּת קָשָׁה‎ Isa 21:2.
b. fierce, intense, vehement, of ‎קִנְאָה‎ Song 8:6 (|| ‎עַזָּה‎; compare Gen 49:9).

3. ‎עַםקְֿשֵׁהעֹֿרֶף‎ a people stiff of neck, stubborn, Exod 32:9; Exod 33:3; Exod 33:5; Exod 34:9 (all J E), Deut 9:6; Deut 9:13 ‎עָרְפְּךָ הַקָּשֶׁה‎ Deut 31:27 compare ‎דַּרְכָּם הַקָּשָׁה‎ Judg 2:19 ‎קְשֵׁי פָנִים‎ Ezek 2:4 (+ ‎חִזְקֵילֵֿב‎), ‎קְשֵׁאלֵֿב‎ Ezek 3:7 (+ ‎חִזְקֵימְֿצַח‎); ‎׳‎‎ק‎ alone = stubborn Isa 48:4.

Brown-Driver-Briggs References