Lexical Definition

‎πόθεν‎ póthen (poth'-en) whence G:ADV
from the base of ‎πόσις‎ with enclitic adverb of origin

whence.

Abbott-Smith

πόθεν, adv.,
whence;
(a) of place: Mt 15:33, Lk 13:25, 27, Jo 3:8 6:5 8:14 9:29, 30 19:9, Re 7:13; metaph., of condition, Re 2:5;
(b) of origin: Mt 13:27, 54, 56 21:25, Mk 6:2, Lk 20:7, Jo 2:9, Ja 4:1; of parentage, Jo 7:27, 28;
(c) of cause: Mk 8:4 12:37, Lk 1:43, Jo 1:49 4:11.†

Abbott-Smith References

Book Refs
Matthew 13:27 · 13:54 · 13:56 · 15:33 · 21:25
Mark 6:2 · 8:4 · 12:37
Luke 1:43 · 13:25 · 13:27 · 20:7
John 1:49 · 2:9 · 3:8 · 4:11 · 6:5 · 7:27 · 7:28 · 8:14 · 9:29 · 9:30 · 19:9
James 4:1
Revelation 2:5 · 7:13

Liddell-Scott-Jones

πόθεν,

Ionic dialect κόθεν:

__I interrogative adverb whence?
__I.1 of Place, εἰρώτα.., τίς εἴη καὶ π. ἔλθοι [Refs 8th c.BC+]
__I.2 of origin, π. γένος εὔχεται εἶναι from what stock he avows that he is by descent, [Refs 8th c.BC+]
__I.3 in speaking, π. ἄρξωμα; [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__I.4 of the cause, whence? wherefore? π. χοὰς ἔπεμψε; ἐκ τίνος λόγο; [Refs 4th c.BC+]; to express surprise or negation, π. γὰρ ἔσται βιοτ; i.e. οὐδαμόθεν, [NT+5th c.BC+]how can it be? impossible! nonsense! [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. γά; [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__I.5 with Verbs of finding, taking, purchasing, etc., π. ἂν πριαίμην ῥῖν; [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II ποθέν, enclitic adverb from some place or other, εἴ π. [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐκ βιβλίου π. ἀκούσας from some book or other, [Refs]

LSJ Scripture Refs: Mark.12.37