Lexical Definition

‎ὡς‎ hōs (hoce) as/when ^G:PREP
probably adverb of comparative from ‎ὅς‎

about, after (that), (according) as (it had been, it were), as soon (as), even as (like), for, how (greatly), like (as, unto), since, so (that), that, to wit, unto, when(-soever), while, X with all speed.

• which how, i.e. in that manner (very variously used, as follows)

Abbott-Smith

ὡς, adverbial form of the relative pron. ὅς, ἥ, ὅ.

I. As relat. adv. of manner, as, like as, just as, even as;
1. with a demonstrative, like οὕτως, expressed or understood: οὕτως . . . ὡς, Mk 4:26, I Co 3:15, Eph 5:28, Ja 2:12, al.; ὡς . . . οὕτως, Ac 8:32, I Co 7:17, al.; elliptically (sc. οὕτως, οὕτω), c. nom., Mt 6:29, al.; c. acc., Mt 19:19, Mk 12:31, al.; c. prep., Mt 26:55, Mk 14:48, Lk 22:52, Jo 7:10, al.; c. verb., Jo 15:6, II Co 3:1, Eph 2:3, I Th 5:6, al.; c. ptcp. (the ptcp. however not having the special force wh. it has in cl.; v. Bl., §73, 5; 74, 6), Mt 7:29, Mk 1:22, He 13:17, al.; freq implying opinion or belief, Ro 9:32; so esp, c. gen. absol., I Co 4:18, II Co 5:20, I Pe 4:12, II Pe 1:3.
2. Before numerals, about, nearly: Mk 5:13, Jo 1:40, Ac 5:7, al.
3. Before adjectives and adverbs, how: Ro 10:15 11:33, I Th 2:10; c. superl., ὡς τάχιστα, as quickly as possible, Ac 17:15.
II. As conjunction;
1. temporal,
(a) as, when, since: Mk 9:21 14:72, Lk 1:23, Jo 2:9, al.;
(b) while, when, as long as: Lk 12:58, Jo 12:36, Ga 6:10 (Field, Notes, 191); ὡς ἄν (M, Pr., 167, and v.s. ἄν), Ro 15:24, I Co 11:34, Phl 2:23.
2. Final, in order that; c. inf., in order to (M, Pr., 204n), Lk 9:52, Ac 20:24, He 7:9.

Abbott-Smith References

Liddell-Scott-Jones

ὡς:—

Summary:

__A as adverb of Manner.
__A.Aa ὧς and ὥς (with accent), so, thus.
__A.Ab ὡς (without accent) of the Relat. pronoun ὅς, as.
__A.Ac ὡς Relat. and Interrog., how.
__A.Ad ὡς temporal, when.
__A.Ae ὡς Local, where,
__B ὡς, as CONJUNCTION.
__C,D various usages. adverb of Manner:
__A.Aa ὥς, Demonstr., ={οὕτως}, so, thus, frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+]; in Ionic dialect Prose, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὥς simply ={οὕτως}, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.2 καὶ ὧς even so, nevertheless, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; οὐδ᾽ ὧς not even so, [Refs 8th c.BC+] are used in Trag. and Attic dialect, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; κἂν ὧς, εἴπερ μέλει σοι, ἀπόστειλόν μοί τινα [Refs 4th c.AD+]; δουλεύων καθὼς καὶ ὧς [Refs 2nd c.BC+]; Thess. καὶ οὗς [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; for this phrase the accentuation ὧς[Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__A.3 in Comparisons, ὥς.., ὡς.., so.. as.., etc.; and reversely ὡς.., ὣς.., as.. so, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; in Attic dialect, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; also ὥς τε.. ὣς.., as.. thus.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὥσπερ.., ὣς δὲ.. (in apodosi) [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.4 thus, for instance, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὥς should be accented in [Refs 8th c.BC+]
__A.4.Ab ὡς, Relat., as, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; properly relative to a demonstrative adverb, which is frequently omitted, κινήθη δ᾽ ἀγορὴ ὡς κύματα μακρὰ θαλάσσης, i. e. οὕτως, ὡς.., [Refs 8th c.BC+]; compare ὥτε. Usage:
__A.I in similes, frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+]; longer similes are commonly introduced by ὡς ὅτε, ὡς δ᾽ ὅτε, ἤριπε δ᾽, ὡς ὅτε πύργος [ἤριπε] [ὡς ὅτε τις δρῦς ἤριπε 13.389, compare 2.394 ">Refs]; so later, [ὡς ὅτε θαητὸν μέγαρον, πάξομεν 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 6.2: ὡς ὅτε">Refs 5th c.BC+] is rare in short similes, [ὡς">Refs 8th c.BC+] is followed by indicative present, [Refs 8th c.BC+]aorist, [Refs]; also by subjunctive present or aorist, [Refs] (sometimes ὡς δ᾽ ὅτ᾽ ἄν, [Refs]; compare ὥστε A:—the Verb is sometimes omitted with ὡς, but may be supplied from the context, ἐνδούπησε πεσοῦσ᾽, ὡς εἰναλίη κήξ (i.e. πίπτει) [ὡς">Refs 8th c.BC+] follows the noun to which it refers, it takes the accent; so in Comedy texts, Ἀριστόδημος ὥς [Refs 5th c.BC+]; see infr. H.
__A.I.2 like as, just as, ὡς οὗτος κατὰ τέκν᾽ ἔφαγε.., ὣς ἡμεῖς κτλ. [Refs 8th c.BC+]
__A.I.3 sometimes in the sense as much as or according as, ἑλὼν κρέας ὥς (i. e. ὅσον) οἱ χεῖρες ἐχάνδανον [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὦκα δὲ μητρὶ ἔννεπον ὡς (i. e. ὅσα) εἶδόν τε καὶ ἔκλυον [ὡς ἑνός 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.105; τόσον.. ὡς 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.130 ">Refs 8th c.BC+]; so in Trag., σοὶ θεοὶ πόροιεν ὡς ἐγὼ θέλω [ὡς ἐγὼ οὐκ ἔστιν ὑμῶν ὅστις ἐξ ἴσου νοσεῖ [prev. author] “OT” 60 ">Refs 5th c.BC+]; in Prose, ὡς δύναται as much as he can, [ὡς εἶπε 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.72 ">Refs 4th c.BC+]; ὡς μή ={ὅσον μή, νέμεν ὅτι ἃν} (={ἂν}) βόλητοι ὡς μὴ ἰν τοῖ περιχώροι [Refs 4th c.BC+]; cf. Ab. 11.2 below
__A.I.4 sometimes after comparative, compared with, hence than, μᾶλλον πρέπει οὕτως ὡς.. [ὡς τοῦτο [prev. author] “R.” 526c ">Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐδενὸς μᾶλλον φροντίζειν ὡς.. [ὡς">Refs 2nd c.BC+] is uncertain in [Refs 4th c.BC+], and [ἢ] should perhaps be inserted in [Refs 5th c.BC+]; compare ὥσπερ IV.
__A.II with Adverbial clauses:
__A.II.1 parenthetically, in qualifying clauses, ὡς ἔοικε, etc., [Refs 5th c.BC+]: in these cases γε or γοῦν is frequently added, ὡς γοῦν ὁ λόγος σημαίνει as at any rate the argument shows, [Refs]; in some phrases with infinitive, see below [ὡς δὲ Σκύθαι λέγουσι, νεώτατον ἁπάντων ἐθνέων εἶναι (for ἦν)">Refs 5th c.BC+] τὸ σφέτερον [ὡς ἐγὼ ἤκουσα, εἶναι αὐτόν [prev. author] 4.76 ">Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς γὰρ.. ἤκουσά τινος, ὅτι.. [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἁνὴρ ὅδ᾽ ὡς ἔοικεν οὐ νεμεῖν (for οὐ νεμεῖ, ὡς ἔοικε), [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.II.2 in elliptical phrases, so far as.. (compare supr. Ab.[ὡς ἐμοί [prev. author] “Aj.” 395 (Lyric poetry); so ὥς γε ἐμοὶ κριτῇ 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “Varia Historia” 2.41 and ὥς γ᾽ ἐμοὶ χρῆσθαι κριτῇ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 801; ὡς ἐμῇ δόξῃ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Vectigalibus” 5.2 ">Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς ἀπ᾽ ὀμμάτων (i.e. εἰκάσαι) to judge by eyesight, [Refs 5th c.BC+]: especially in such phrases as οὐκέτι πολλὸν χωρίον, ὡς εἶναι Αἰγύπτου [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐδὲ ἀδύνατος, ὡς Αακεδαιμόνιος for a Lacedaemonian, [ὡς ἀνθρώποις 5th c.BC: Alcmaeon Philosophus 1 ">Refs 5th c.BC+]; φρονεῖ.. ὡς γυνὴ μέγα for a woman, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; πιστός, ὡς νομεύς, ἀνήρ [ὡς γέροντι.. ὁδόν [prev. author] “OC” 20, compare 385, “Ant.” 62, etc.; ὡπλισμένοι ὡς ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσιν ἱκανῶς 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 4.3.31; also with ἄν, μεγάλα ἐκτήσατο χρήματα, ὡς ἂν εἶναι Ῥοδῶπιν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.135 codices (ἂν secl. Krüger, Ῥοδώπιος conjecture Valck.)">Refs 5th c.BC+]:—for ὡς εἰπεῖν and the like, see below [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.II.3 ὡς attached to the object of the Verb, as, ἑωυτὸν ὡς ἐχθρὸν λυπέει [ὡς φίλους ἤδη 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.2.25; ἐν οἰκήματι ᾧ ὡς ταμιείῳ ἐχρῆτο 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 315d ">Refs 5th c.BC+].— For the similar usage of ὡς with Participles and Prepositions, see below with
__A.III with Adverbs:
__A.III.a with the Posit., ὡς ἀληθῶς truly, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς ἑτέρως in the other way, [Refs 4th c.BC+] (adverb of ὁ ἕτερο; see at {ἕτερος} see 2) (see. below [Refs 4th c.BC+]; ὡς ἠπίως, ὡς ἐτητύμως, [ὡς ὁμοίως “SIG” 708.34 (Istropolis, 2nd c.BC), LXX.4Mac.5.21, 1 “Enoch” 5.3, “IG” 7.2725.16 (Acraeph., 2nd c.AD)">LXX+5th c.BC+]; ὡς ἐναλλάξ [ὡς παντελῶς [prev. author] 184.26; ὡς ἄλλως 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 7.27, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 6.32; ὡς ἐνδεχομένως “PPetr.” 2p.53 (3rd c.BC)">Refs 4th c.BC+]; in ὣς αὔτως (see. ὡσαύτως) we have the adverb of ὁ αὐτός, but the ὥς retains its demonstrative force, as does ὁ in Homer; ὡς ἀληθῶς, ὡς ὁμοίως, and ὡς παντελῶς may be modelled on ὣς αὔτως, with which they are nearly synonymous; so also ὡς ἑτέρως and ὡς ἐναλλάξ, which are contrasted with it.
__A.III.b with adverbs expressing anything extraordinary, θαυμαστῶς or θαυμασίως ὡς, ὑπερφυῶς ὡς, (see entry).; ὡς is sometimes separated by several words from its adverb, as θαυμαστῶς μοι εἶπες ὡς παρα᾽ δόξαν [ὡς δύσγνωστον φαίνεται [prev. author] Alcaeus2.147c, compare “Phd.” 99d. ">Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.III.c with the superlative, as much as can be, ὡς μάλιστα [ὡς ῥᾷστα">Refs 5th c.BC+] as easily as possible, [ὡς πλεῖστα 3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 189 ">Refs 4th c.BC+]; ὠς τάχιστα as quickly as possible, [ὡς δυνατὸν ἄριστα 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 12.153; ὡς ἐδύναντο ἀδηλότατα 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.50; μαχομένους ὡς ἂν δυνώμεθα κράτιστα 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 3.2.6; ὡς οἷόν τε βελτιστον 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 403d ">Refs 7th c.BC+]; ὡς ἀνυστὸν κάλλιστα Diog.[ὡς and ὅτι">Refs 2nd c.AD+] are sometimes found together, where one is superfluous, ὡς ὅτι μάλιστα [ὡς ὅτι κάλλιστον “IG” 22.1028.17 (2nd-1st c.BC)">Refs 5th c.BC+]; see infr. G.
__A.III.d with comparative, ὡς θᾶσσον [Refs 2nd c.BC+]
__A.III.e in the phrases ὡς τὸ πολύ, ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολύ, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλεῖον for the more part, commonly, ὡς ἐπὶ πλεῖστον [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλῆθος, ὡς πλήθει, [ὡς τὸ ἐπίπαν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.50, etc.; ὡς τὰ πολλά 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “De Natura Animalium - Ar.Byzantine Epit.” 12.17. ">Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.III.2 with adjectives,
__A.III.2.a Posit., ὑπερφυεῖ τινι.. ὡς μεγάλῃ βλάβῃ [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.III.2.b with superlative, ὡς ἄριστοι τὰς φύσεις [ὡς βέλτισται ἔσονται [prev. author] “Grg.” 503a; ὡς ὅτι βέλτιστον [prev. author] “Smp.” 218d. ">Refs]
__A.III.2.c separated from the adjective by a preposition, ὡς ἐς ἐλάχιστον [ὡς ἐν βραχυτάτοις 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 1.18; ὡς ἐν ἐχυρωτάτῳ ποιεῖσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.6.26, etc. ">Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.III.2.Ac Relat. and Interrog., how, μερμήριζε.. ὡς Ἀχιλῆα τιμήσειε [ὡς.. στήσονται 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.84, etc.; οἷα δεῖ λέγειν καὶ ὥς 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1128a1 ">Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὡς πέπραται how, i. e. at what price the goods have been sold, [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; so οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὡς.. (for the more usually ὅπως) nowise can it be that.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὡς οὐ.., [Refs]; οἶσθ᾽ ὡς πόησο; by a mixture of constructions for ὡς χρὴ ποιῆσαι or ὡς ποιήσεις, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἶσθ᾽ ὡς μετεύξει is falsa lectio in [Refs 5th c.BC+]; similarly, οἶσθα.. ὡς νῦν μὴ σφαλῇς [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.III.2 ὡς ἂν ποήσῃς however (in whatever way) thou mayest act, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.III.2.Ad Temporal, when, with past tenses of the indicative, ἐνῶρτο γέλως.., ὡς ἴδον [Refs 8th c.BC+]: with optative, to express a repeated action, whenever, ὡς.. ἐς τὴν Μιλησίην ἀπίκοιτο [Refs 5th c.BC+]: rarely with subjunctive, to denote what happens under certain conditions, τῶν δὲ ὡς ἕκαστός οἱ μειχθῇ, διδοῖ δῶρον [Refs]; later, ὡς ἄν with subjunctive, when, [NT+3rd c.BC+]; ὡς ἂν τάχιστα λάβῃς τὴν ἐπιστολήν as soon as.. [LXX+3rd c.BC+]: in indirect speech with infinitive, [ὡς.. τάχιστα, some word or words being interposed, ὡς γὰρ ἐπετρόπευσε τάχιστα">Refs 5th c.BC+] as soon as ever.., [ὡς δὲ ἀφίκετο τάχιστα 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.3.2: less frequently ὡς τάχιστα">Refs 5th c.BC+] stand together, [Refs 4th c.BC+]: but this usage must be distinguished from signf. Ab.111.1c: followed by demonstrative, ὡς εἶδ᾽, ὣς ἀνεπᾶλτο [ὡς ἴδεν, ὥς μιν ἔρως πυκινὰς φρένας ἀμφεκάλυψεν 14.294; also ὡς.., ἔπειτα 3.396; Κρονίδης ὥς μιν φράσαθ᾽ ὣς ἐόλητο θυμὸν ἀνωΐστοισιν ὑποδμηθεὶς βελέεσσι Κύπριδος 2nd c.BC: Moschus Bucolicus 2.74 ">Refs 8th c.BC+]; the second ὣς is repeated, ἁ δ᾽ Ἀταλάντα ὡς ἴδεν, ὣς ἐμάνη, ὣς ἐς βαθὺν ἅλατ᾽ ἔρωτα [ὡς all belong to the protasis. ">Refs 3rd c.BC+]
__A.III.2 ὡς appears to be falsa lectio for{ἕως} in ὡς ἂν αὑτὸς ἥλιος.. αἴρῃ [ὡς ἂν ᾖς οἷόσπερ εἶ [prev. author] “Aj.” 1117; compare ὥσπερ 111.1 ">Refs 5th c.BC+]: but in later Gr. ={ἕως}, while, ὡς τὸ φῶς ἔχετε [ὡς καιρὸν ἔχομεν NT.Gal.6.10, compare “epigram Gr.” 646a5 (p.529)">NT]; also until, τίθεται ἐπὶ ἀνθράκων ὡς ἀναξηρανθῇ [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔα ἀφρίζειν τὴν πίσσαν ὡς οὗ ἐκλείπῃ [Refs];compare [ὡς final, see at {ἕως} (B) 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 1.4). ">Refs 4th c.BC+]
__A.III.2.Ae Local, where, in dialects, [Refs 3rd c.BC+]
__B ὡς as CONJUNCTION:
__B.I with Substantive clauses, to express a fact, ={ὅτι}, that.
__B.II with Final clauses, to express an end or purpose, ={ἵνα, ὅπως}, so that, in order that.
__B.III Consecutive, ={ὥστε}, so that.
__B.IV Causal, since, because.
__B.I with Substantive Clauses, with verbs of learning, saying, etc., that, expressing a fact, γνωτὸν.., ὡς ἤδη Τρώεσσιν ὀλέθρου πείρατ᾽ ἐφῆπται [ὡς μηδεὶς κινήσοιτο 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.1.22 ">Refs 8th c.BC+]: with Verbs of fear or anxiety, with future indicative, μηκέτ᾽ ἐκφοβοῦ, μητρῷον ὥς σε λῆμ᾽ ἀτιμάσει ποτέ [Refs 5th c.BC+]; μὴ φοβοῦ ὡς ἀπορήσεις [Refs 4th c.BC+]; a sentence beginning with ὡς is sometimes, when interrupted, resumed by ὅτι, and vice versa, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; so ὡς with a finite Verb passes into the accusative and infinitive, [ὡς.. ἧττον ἂν αὐτοὺς ἐθέλειν.. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.1.25, compare “HG” 3.4.27: after primary tenses (including historic \_present\_) ὡς">Refs 5th c.BC+] is followed by indicative, after historic tenses by optative (sometimes by indicative, both constructions in ὑπίσχοντο.. ἀμυνέειν, φράζοντες ὡς οὔ σφι περιοπτέη ἐστὶ ἡ Ἑλλὰς ἀπολλυμένη.. ἀλλὰ τιμωρητέον εἴη [Refs 5th c.BC+]: sometimes with optative after a primary tense, κατάπτονται.. λέγοντες ὡς Ἀρίστων.. οὐ φήσειε [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.I.2 with Verbs of feeling, χαίρει δέ μοι ἦτορ, ὥς μευ ἀεὶ μέμνησαι [ὡς ἔπεσ᾽ 16.600. ">Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.II with Final Clauses, that, in order that; in this sense ὡς and ὡς ἄν, Epic dialect ὥς κεν, are used with the subjunctive after primary tenses of the indicative, and with the optative after the past tenses, βουλὴν ὑποθησόμεθ᾽.., ὡς μὴ πάντες ὄλωνται [ὡς, ὁπηνίκ᾽ ἂν θεὸς πλοῦν ἡμὶν εἴκῃ, τηνικαυθ᾽ ὁρμώμεθα 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 464; [νέας] διηκοσίας περιέπεμπον.. ὡς ἂν μὴ ὀφθείησαν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.7. b. rarely with ">Refs 8th c.BC+]future indicative, ὡς μὴ ὦν αὐτοὶ τε ἀπολέεσθε (conjecture Cobet for ἀπόλεσθε) κἀμὲ τρώσετε, ἐς ἄλλον τινὰ δῆμον ἀποίχεσθε [Refs 4th c.BC+]
__B.II.2 ὡς is also used with past tenses of the indicative to express a purpose which has not been or cannot be fulfilled, τί μ᾽ οὐκ ἔκτεινας, ὡς ἔδειξα μήποτε..; so that I never should.., [ὡς μηδ᾽ εἰ ἐβούλετο ἐδύνατο ἐξαπατᾶν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.6.23; compare ἵνα 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 1.3, ὅπως 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 1.3. ">Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.II.3 ὡς with infinitive, to limit an assertion, ὡς μὲν ἐμοὶ δοκέειν [ὡς εἰπεῖν λόγῳ [prev. work] 53 ">Refs 5th c.BC+]; or ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν,compare ἔπος [Refs]; ὡς συντόμως, or ὡς συνελόντι εἰπεῖν to speak shortly, to be brief, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς εἰκάσαι to make a guess, i.e. probably, [ὡς μικρὸν μεγάλῳ εἰκάσαι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.36 (so without ὡς, οὐ πολλῷ λόγῳ εἰπεῖν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.61), see supr. Ab. 11.1, 2. ">Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.III to express Consequence, like{ὥστε}, so that, frequently in [ὡς δύο τριήρεας πλέειν ὁμοῦ">Refs 5th c.BC+] in breadth such that two triremes could sail abreast, [ὡς τὰς κορυφὰς αὐτοῦ οὐκ οἷά τε εἶναι ἰδέσθαι 4.184 ">Refs 5th c.BC+]; so in Trag. and Prose, [ὡς ἦμεν Ϝικατίπεδον ἄντομον “Tab.Heracl.” 1.75; οὕτως.. ὡς ὁμολογεῖν 4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Orationes” 5.164d; ὡς καὶ τοὺς τεχνίτας λανθάνειν “PHolm.” 9.13 ">Refs 5th c.BC+]; also, like{ὥστε}, with Indic., οὕτω κλεινὴ ἐγένετο, ὡς.. ἐξέμαθον [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.III.2 ἢ ὡς after a comparative, μάσσον᾽ ἢ ὡς ἰδέμεν [ὡς κάλλιον αὐτοῖς 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 410d; compare ὥστε 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 1.2: with words implying comparison, ὀλίγοι ἐσμὲν ὡς ἐγκρατεῖς εἶναι αὐτῶν">Refs 5th c.BC+] too few to.., [ὡς τηλικαῦτα διαπράττεσθαι πράγματα">Refs 5th c.BC+] too old to.. [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.III.3 ὡς is sometimes omitted where the antecedent demonstrative is expressed, οὕτω ἰσχυραί, μόγις ἂν διαρρήξειας so strong, you could hardly break them, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.IV Causal, inasmuch as, since, τί ποτε λέγεις, ὦ τέκνο; ὡς οὐ μανθάνω [ὡς μᾶλλον ἂν ἕλοιτο μ᾽ ἢ τοὺς πάντας Ἀργείους λαβεῖν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 46. ">Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.IV.2 on the ground that.., with future indicative, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C ὡς before
__C.I Participles;
__C.II Prepositions; and
__C.III ὡς itself as a Preposition.
__C.IV with Participles in the case of the Subject, to mark the reason or motive of the action, as if, as, ὡς οὐκ ἀΐοντι ἐοικώς [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀγανακτοῦσιν ὡς μεγάλων τινῶν ἀπεστερημένοι (i. e. ἡγούμενοι μεγάλων τινῶν ἀπεστερῆσθαι), [Refs 5th c.BC+]: most frequently with participle future, διαβαίνει.., ὡς ἀμήσων τὸν σῖτον [ὡς πολεμήσοντες 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.7, etc.; δηλοῖς ὥς τι σημανῶν νέον 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 242; ὡς τεθνήξων ἴσθι νυνί 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 325 (troch.): in questions, παρὰ Πρωταγόραν νῦν ἐπιχειρεῖς ἰέναι, ὡς παρὰ τίνα ἀφιξόμενο; 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 311b; ὡς τί δὴ θέλω; 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 557 ">Refs 5th c.BC+]; with verbs of knowing, ἐπιστάσθω Κροῖσος ὡς ὕστερον.. ἁλοὺς τῆς πεπρωμένης [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς μὴ 'μπολήσων ἴσθι.. [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.IV.2 with Participles in oblique cases, λέγουσιν ἡμᾶς ὡς ὀλωλότας they speak of us as dead, [ὡς μηδὲν εἰδότ᾽ ἴσθι μ᾽ ὧν ἀνιστορεῖς 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 253; τὸν ἐκβαίνοντα κολάζουσιν ὡς παρανομοῦντα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 338e; ἵνα μὴ ἀγανακτῇ ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ ὡς δεινὰ πάσχοντος [prev. author] “Phd.” 115e, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.85, 9.54; νῦν δέ σου τὰ ἔργα φανερὰ γεγένηται οὐχ ὡς ἀνιωμένου ἀλλ᾽ ὡς ἡδομένου τοῖς γιγνομένοις 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 12.32; κτύπος φωτὸς ὡς τειρομένου [του] 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 202 (Lyric poetry)">Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν ὀλιγωρίᾳ ἐποιοῦντο, ὡς, ὅταν ἐξέλθωσιν, ἢ οὐχ ὑπομενοῦντας σφᾶς ἢ ῥᾳδίως ληψόμενοι βίᾳ made light of the matter, in the belief that.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]—Both constructions in one sentence, τοὺς κόσμους εἴασε χαίρειν ὡς ἀλλοτρίους τε ὄντας καὶ πλέον θάτερον ἡγησάμενος ἀπεργάζεσθαι [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.IV.3 with Parts. put absolutely in genitive, νῦν δέ, ὡς οὕτω ἐχόντων, στρατιὴν ἐκπέμπετε [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐρώτα ὅτι βούλει, ὡς τἀληθῆ ἐροῦντος [ὡς ὧδ᾽ ἐχόντων τῶνδ᾽ ἐπίστασθαί σε χρή 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 281, compare 904, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 760, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 1311, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.15, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.3.6 ">Refs 5th c.BC+]: so also in accusative, μισθὸν αἰτοῦσιν, ὡς οὐχὶ αὐτοῖσιν ὠφελίαν ἐσομένην ἐκ τοῦ ἄρχειν [Refs 5th c.BC+]: with both cases in one sentence, ὡς καὶ τῶν Ἀθηναίων προσδοκίμων ὄντων ἄλλῃ στρατιᾷ καὶ.. διαπεπολεμησόμενον [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.II ὡς before Preps., ἀνήγοντο ὡς ἐπὶ ναυμαχίαν (variant{-ίᾳ}) [ὡς ἐπὶ πῦρ [prev. author] “An.” 4.3.11 ">Refs 5th c.BC+]; κατέλαβε τὴν ἀκρόπολιν ὡς ἐπὶ τυραννίδι, expressing the purpose, [ὡς ἐς τὰς Ἀθήνας [prev. author] 6.61; πλεῖς ὡς πρὸς οἶκον 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 58; τὸ βούλευμ᾽ ὡς ἐπ᾽ Ἀργείοις τόδ᾽ ἦν [prev. author] “Aj.” 44: in these passages ὡς">Refs 5th c.BC+] marks an intention; not so in the following: ἀπαγγέλλετε τῇ μητρὶ [χαίρειν] ὡς παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ [ὡς ἀπὸ τῆς πομπῆς 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 327c; ὡς ἐκ κακῶν ἐχάρη 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.101. ">Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.II.b later, in geographical expressions, of direction, προϊών, ὡς ἐπὶ τὸν Πηνειόν [ὡς πρὸς ἕω βλέπων [prev. author] 8.6.1, compare 7.6.2 ">Refs 1st c.BC+]; ὡς εἰς Φηραίαν (to be read Ἡραίαν) ἰόντων [Refs]
__C.III ὡς as a preposition, properly in cases where the object is a person, not a place: once in [ὡς αἰεὶ τὸν ὁμοῖον ἄγει θεὸς ὡς τὸν ὁμοῖον 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.218 ">Refs 8th c.BC+] (variant{ἐς τὸν ὁμοῖον},compare αἶνος Ὁμηρικός, αἰὲν ὁμοῖον ὡς θεός.. ἐς τὸν ὁμοῖον ἄγει [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; ἔρχεται.. ἕκαστον τὸ ὅμοιον ὡς τὸ ὅ., τὸ πυκνὸν ὡς τὸ πυκνόν κτλ. (with variant{ἐς}) [ὡς.. ὥς">Refs 5th c.BC+] as.. so, in [ὡς τὴν θυγατέρα 2.121 ">Refs 8th c.BC+].έ: frequently in Attic dialect, ὡς Ἆγιν ἐπρεσβεύσαντο [ὡς Περδίκκαν καὶ ἐς τὴν Χαλκιδικήν [prev. author] 4.79; ἀπέπλευσαν ἐς Φώκαιαν.. ὡς Ἀστύοχον [prev. author] 8.31 ">Refs 5th c.BC+]; ναῦς ἐς τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον ὡς Φαρνάβαζον ἀποπέμπειν [ὡς ἐκεῖνον πλέομεν ὥσπερ πρὸς δεσπότην 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.121 ">Refs 5th c.BC+]; the examples of ὡς with names of places are corrupt, e.g. ὡς τὴν Μίλητον [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς Ἄβυδον one Ms. in [ὡς τὸ πρόσθεν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 242: in 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1481 ὡς τὰς ἀδελφὰς.. τὰς ἐμὰς χέρας">Refs 5th c.BC+] is equivalent to ὡς ἐμὲ τὸν ἀδελφό; in [ὡς τούσδε house = household. ">Refs]
__D ὡς in independent sentences:
__D.I as an exclamation, how, mostly with adverbs and adjectives, ὡς ἄνοον κραδίην ἔχες how silly a heart hadst thou! [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὡς ἀγαθὸν καὶ παῖδα λιπέσθαι how good is it.., [ὡς δεινόν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 316 ">Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὡς ἀστεῖος ὁ ἄνθρωπος how charming he is! [ὡς ἐμεγαλύνθη τὰ ἔργα σου, Κύριε LXX.Ps.91.6, 103(104).24 ">LXX+5th c.BC+]; in indirect clauses, ἐθαύμασα τοῦτο, ὡς ἡδέως.. ἀπεδέξατο marvelled at seeing how.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__D.I.2 with Verbs, ὥς μοι δέχεται κακὸν ἐκ κακοῦ αἰεί how constantly.., [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὡς οὐκ ἔστι χάρις μετόπισθ᾽ εὐεργέων how little thanks remain! [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὡς ὄχλος νιν.. ἀμφέπει see how.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς ὑπερδέδοικά σου how greatly.., [ὡς οἰμώξεται 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 279; ὡς ἅπανθ᾽ ὑμῖν τυραννίς ἐστι [prev. author] “V.” 488 (troch.). ">Refs 5th c.BC+]
__D.II to mark a wish, oh that! with optative alone, ὡς ἔρις.. ἀπόλοιτο [ὡς ἀπόλοιτο καὶ ἄλλος 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.47, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 126 (Lyric poetry)">Refs 8th c.BC+]; also ὡς ἄν or κε with optative, ὡς ἂν ἔπειτ᾽ ἀπὸ σεῖο οὐκ ἐθέλοιμι λείπεσθαι [Refs 8th c.BC+]
__D.II.2 joined with other words of wishing, ὡς ὤφελες αὐτόθ᾽ ὀλέσθαι [ὡς δὴ μὴ ὄφελον νικᾶν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.548. ">Refs 8th c.BC+]
__E ὡς with numerals marks that they are to be taken only as a round number, as it were, about, nearly, σὺν ἀνθρώποις ὡς εἴκοσι [Refs 5th c.BC+]; also ὡς πέντε μάλιστά κῃ about five (see. μάλα [Refs 5th c.BC+]:—also with words compounded with numerals, δέπας.. ὡς τριλάγυνον [Refs 7th c.BC+]; παῖς ὡς ἑπτέτης of some seven years, [ὡς διπήχη 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 6.1.30, compare “An.” 5.4.12; compare ὡσεί 111. ">Refs 5th c.BC+]
__F ὡς in some elliptical (or apparently elliptical) phrases:
__F.1 ὡς τί δὴ τόδε (i.e. γένηται); to what end? [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__F.2 know that (i.e. ἴσθι), ὡς ἔστιν ἀνδρὸς τοῦδε τἄργα ταῦτά σοι [ὡς τοῦτό γ᾽ ἔρξας δύο φέρει δωρήματα [prev. author] “Ph.” 117; ὡς τῆσδ᾽ ἑκοῦσα παιδὸς οὐ μεθήσομαι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 400, compare “Med.” 609, “Ph.” 720; ὡς τάχ᾽ οὐκέθ᾽ αἱματηρὸν.. ἀργήσει ξίφος [prev. work] 625 (troch.)">Refs 5th c.BC+]; so in Comedy texts, ὡς ἔστ᾽ ἐν ἡμῖν τῆς πόλεως τὰ πράγματα [ὡς ἀπὸ τοῦ τείχους πάρεστιν ἄγγελος οὐδείς [prev. author] “Av.” 1119. ">Refs 5th c.BC+]
__F.3 ὡς ἕκαστος, ἕκαστοι, each severally (whether in respect of time, place, or other difference), ξυνελέγοντο.. Κορίνθιοι δισχίιοι ὁπλῖται, οἱ δ᾽ ἄλλοι ὡς ἕκαστοι, Φλειάσιοι δὲ πανστρατιᾷ [Refs 5th c.BC+]; πρώτη τε αὕτη πόλις ξυμμαχὶς παρὰ τὸ καθεστηκὸς ἐδουλώθη, ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ὡς ἑκάστη [ξυνέβη] (ξ. secl. Krüger: ἀπὸ κοινοῦ ἐδουλώθη [ὡς ἕκαστοι [prev. work] 67, compare 7.65 ">Refs]; χρησμολόγοι τε ᾖδον χρησμοὺς παντοίους, ὧν ἀκροᾶσθαι ὡς ἕκαστος ὥρμητο, i. e. different persons ran to listen to different prophecies, [Refs]; τὰς ἄλλας ὡς ἑκάστην ποι ἐκπεπτωκυῖαν ἀναδησάμενοι ἐκόμιζον ἐς τὴν πόλιν they made fast to the rest wherever each (ship) had been run ashore, [Refs]; οἱ δ᾽ οὖν ὡς ἕκαστοι Ἕλληνες κατὰ πόλεις τε ὅσοι ἀλλήλων ξυνίεσαν καὶ ξύμπαντες ὕστερον κληθέντες οὐδὲν πρὸ τῶν Τρωικῶν.. ἁθρόοι ἔπραξαν the various peoples that were later called by the common name of Greeks, [ὡς ἑκάστῳ ἔργον προστάσσων 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.114 ">Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς ἑκάστην (one by one) αἱρέοντες (i.e. τὰς νήσους) οἱ βάρβαροι ἐσαγήνευον τοὺς ἀνθρώπους [ὡς ἑκασταχόσε 2nd-3rd c.AD: Dio Cassius Historicus 41.9, +others">Refs 2nd c.AD+]; rarely with a Verb, ὡς ἕκαστος ἀπικνέοιτο [ὡς">Refs 5th c.BC+] follows ἕκαστος, ἑκάστῳ ὡς ὁ Θεὸς ἐμέρισεν μέτρον πίστεως [NT]:—for the etymology see infr. H; also ὡς ἑκάτεροι [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__G ὡς pleonastic in ὡς ὅτι [NT+8th c.BC+]
__H Etymology: this word is in origin five distinct words: [ὡς '">Refs]as' is the adverb from the Relat. ὅς (I.-[Refs 5th c.BC+] stem yo-); with ὡς βέλτιστος cf. Sanskrit yācchrē[snull][tnull]á[hudot] 'the best possible': (2) ὧς 'thus' is the adverb of a Demonstr. stem so- found in Sanskrit sa, Gr. ὁ, Latin sō-c ([Refs]; = ita, cf. Umbr. esoc); (3) ὡς postpositive (ὄρνιθες ὥς, etc.) constantly makes a preceding short closed syllable long in [Refs 8th c.BC+], and must therefore have been ϝω; it may perhaps be related to Sanskrit vā, a form of va, iva (= [Refs]like), Latin ve, Gr. ἦ[ϝ] ; [ὡς preposition '">Refs]to' is of doubtful origin (perhaps from *ὠς, cognate with Latin ōs 'face', Sanskrit ās: ὤς τινα ἐλθεῖν like{τί δέ δε φρένας ἵκετο πένθος};); (5) ὡς F. 3 is probably ϝως, adverb of ϝός the reflexive adjective, and means literal in his (their) own way (or place); it is idiomatically placed before ἕκαστος (ἑκάτερος),compare ϝὸν ϝεκάτερος [Refs]

_{LSJ Scripture Refs: 1Cor.11.34 ☩ LXX.1Kgs.9.13 ☩ LXX.Lev.3.8 ☩ John.12.35 ☩ Gal.6.10 ☩ LXX.Ps.91.6* ☩ Rom.12.3 ☩ 2Cor.11.21}