Lexical Definition

‎סָפַד‎ çâphad (saw-fad') to mourn ^H:V
a primitive root

lament, mourn(-er), wail.

• properly, to tear the hair and beat the breasts (as Orientals do in grief)
• generally to lament
• by implication, to wail

1) to wail, lament, mourn
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to wail, lament
1a2) wailers (participle)
1b) (Niphal) to be lamented, be bewailed

See Greek: κλαίω · κόπτω

Brown-Driver-Briggs

[‎סָפַד‎] verb wail, lament (Late Hebrew id.; ᵑ7 ‎סְפַד‎, ChrPalAramaic id., Schw^{Idioticon 64}; Assyrian [sapâdu]], sipdu, sipittu, mourning, Dl^{HWB 507}; compare Amharic dirge Prä^{ZMG xxxv (1881), 762}); —

Qal Perfect 3 feminine singular ‎וְסָֽפְדָה‎ consecutive Zech 12:12, 3 plural ‎וְסָֽפְדוּ‎ consecutive 1Kgs 14:13; Zech 12:10 Imperfect 3 feminine singular ‎וַתִּסְפֹּד‎ 2Sam 11:26, 2 masculine singular ‎תִּסְפֹּד‎ Ezek 24:16, 1 singular cohortative ‎אֶסְפְּדָה‎ Mic 1:8, 3 masculine plural ‎יִסְפְּדוּ‎ Jer 6:16 +, etc.; Imperative masculine plural ‎סִפְדוּ‎ 2Sam 3:31 + 2 t.; feminine plural ‎סְפֹ֫דְנָה‎ Jer 49:3 Infinitive absolute ‎סָפוֺד‎ Zech 7:5 construct ‎סְפוֺד‎ Eccl 3:4, ‎לִסְפֹּד‎ Gen 23:2; 1Kgs 13:29, ‎לִסְפּוֺד‎ Jer 16:5 Participle active plural ‎סֹפְדִים‎ Isa 32:12, ‎׳‎‎סוֺ‎ Eccl 12:5 — wail, lament (with loud cries, etc., see Mic 1:8, and compare Dr^{Amos 5:16}), especially for dead, with ‎לְ‎, 1Sam 25:1; 1Sam 28:3; 1Kgs 14:13; 1Kgs 14:18; Gen 23:2 (P) Jer 16:6; Jer 22:18 (twice in verse); Jer 34:5, compare ‎וְאַלתֵּֿלֵךְ לִסְפּוֺד וְאַלתָּֿנֹד לָהֶם‎ Jer 16:5 with ‎עַלֿ‎ over 2Sam 1:12; 2Sam 11:26; 1Kgs 13:30, compare Zech 12:10 (see vZech 12:12 below); with ‎לִפְנֵי‎ i.e. marching before (bier) 2Sam 3:31 (see Dr); with accusative of congnate meaning with verb Gen 50:10 (J); absolute 1Kgs 13:29; Ezek 24:16 compare vEzek 24:23; Eccl 3:4 (opposed to ‎רקד‎; compare Ps 30:12*), and participle as substantive Eccl 12:5 wailers; also, with idea of guilt on part of those wailing, Zech 12:12 (compare vZech 12:10 above); over calamity, judgment, with ‎עַלֿ‎ Mic 1:8, absolute Jer 4:8 (both + ‎הֵילִיל‎), Jer 49:3 and (with fasting) Zech 7:5; Joel 1:13. — ‎׳‎‎עַלשָֿׁדַיִם סֹפְדִים עַלשְֿׂדֵיחֶֿמֶד וגו‎ Isa 32:12 is dubious; Thes Ew De Che and others upon the breasts smiting (?) for the fields, etc., but read probably ‎שָׂדִים‎ (‎וֺֿת‎, ‎יִַ֯ם‎) Ges^Comm. (q. v.) Buhl^{Lex 13 Skinner} and others: over the fields wailing, over the delightful fields, etc. Niph`al Imperfect 3 masculine plural ‎לֹא יִסָּֽפְדוּ‎ Jer 16:4 they shall not be bewailed, so Jer 25:33.

‎שְׂפֹדְנָה‎ Jer 49:3 Masora, < modern editions ‎׳‎‎ס‎ see ‎ספד‎.

Brown-Driver-Briggs References