Lexical Definition

‎שָׁפֵל‎ shâphêl (shaw-fale') to abase ^H:V
a primitive root

abase, bring (cast, put) down, debase, humble (self), be (bring, lay, make, put) low(-er).

• to depress or sink (expectation figuratively, to humiliate, intransitive or transitive)

1) to be or become low, sink, be humbled, be abased
1a) (Qal) to be or become low
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to lay or bring low, humiliate
1b2) to set in a lower place, show abasement
1b3) to make low, sit down

See Greek: ἀσθένεια · ἀτιμάζω · καταβάλλω · πίπτω · ταπεινόω · φιλόφρων

Brown-Driver-Briggs

Aramaic form: שְׁפַל
‎שָׁפֵל‎ verb be or become low, be abased (Late Hebrew, derived species; Assyrian šapâlu, derived species and derivatives; Sabean ‎ספל‎ noun humility or lowland DHM^{xxix (1875), 604}; Arabic , , be low (Lag^{BN 48}); Aramaic ‎שְׁפַל‎, (derived species)); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ Isa 2:11 2 feminine singular ‎וְשָׁפַלְתְּ‎ Isa 29:4, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular ‎וַיִּשְׁפַּל‎ Isa 2:9; Isa 5:15 3 feminine plural ‎תִּשְׁפַּלְנָה‎ Isa 5:15, etc.; Infinitive construct ‎שְׁפַל‎ Eccl 12:4; Prov 16:19, see below; —

1. all Isaiah: become (be brought, laid) low, of trees Isa 10:33 (|| ‎גְּדֻעִים‎), mountains Isa 40:4 (opposed to ‎נִשָּׂא‎), of ‎כָּלנִֿשָּׂא‎ Isa 2:12 (but read, for ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎, ‎נִשְׂגָּב‎ [Kohler], or ‎גָּבֹהַּ‎ [Lag], so Du Che^Hpt Di-Kit Marti); figurative be humiliated, of man Isa 2:9; Isa 5:15, his loftiness Isa 2:17, haughty eyes vIsa 2:11 (all || ‎שָׁחַח‎), Isa 5:15 of city Isa 32:19 as helping verb (= adverb) ‎מֵאֶרֶץ‎ ‎׳‎‎וְשׁ‎ ‎תְּדַבֵּ֑רִי‎ Isa 29:4 thou shalt speak low out of the ground (Ges^{«GKC:120g»§ 120g}; || ‎מֵעָפָר תִּשַׁח אִמְרָתֵךְ‎).

2. ‎שְׁפַלרֿוּחַ‎ Prov 16:9 to be lowly of spirit, so Buhl SS Toy and others; Thes Rob Ges and others below ‎שָׁפָל‎.

3. of sound Eccl 12:4. Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular ‎הִשְׁפִּיל‎ Isa 25:12, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular ‎יַשְׁפִּיל‎ Ps 75:8*, suffix ‎יַשְׁפִּילֶנָּה יַשְׁפִּילָהּ‎ Isa 26:5 (but 2nd verb probably doublet), etc.; Imperative masculine plural (suffix) ‎הַשְׁפִּילֵ (הוּׅ‎ Job 40:11; Jer 13:18 Infinitive construct suffix ‎הַשְׁפִּילְךָ‎ Prov 25:7 (Ezek 21:31* read absolute ‎הַשְׁפֵּיל‎, || ‎הַגְבֵּהַּ‎, so Co Krae Ges^{«GKC:113bb»§ 113bb} R. 3); Participle ‎מַשְׁפִּיל‎ 1Sam 2:7; Ps 147:6 ‎מַשְׁפִּילִי‎ (Ges^{«GKC:90l»§ 90l}) Ps 113:6 —

1. usually figurative, ‎׳‎‎י‎ subject, lay low, tree Ezek 17:24 (opposed to ‎הִגְבַּהְתִּי‎); city Isa 26:5 (|| ‎הֵשַׁח‎); fortress Isa 25:12 (+ ‎הֵשַׁח‎; Du thinks doublet of Isa 26:5); humiliate pride vIsa 26:11; Isa 13:11, compare Job 40:11 object ‎עֵינַיִם‎ ‎רָמוֺת‎ Ps 18:28*, so read also || 2Sam 22:28, ‎אַףמְֿרוֺמֵם‎‎׳‎‎מַשׁ‎‎׳‎‎י‎ 1Sam 2:7, ‎רְשָׁעִים‎ Ps 147:6 ‎וְזֶה יָרִים‎ ‎׳‎‎זֶה יַשׁ‎ Ps 75:8*, compare Ezek 21:31*.

2. hum. subject set one in a lower place Prov 25:7 subject hum. pride Prov 29:23 declar. Isa 57:9 thou didst shew abasement ‎עַדשְֿׁאוֺל‎.

3. as helping verb: + verb coordinate, ‎שֵׁ֑בוּ‎ ‎׳‎‎הַשׁ‎ Jer 13:18 make low, sit down = take a low seat (Ges^{«GKC:120g»§ 120g}); + infinitive ‎לִרְאוֺת‎ ‎׳‎‎מַשׁ‎ Ps 113:6 he who maketh low to look upon heaven and earth (i.e. ‎׳‎‎י‎; || ‎הַמַּגְבִּיתִי לָשָׁ֑בֶת‎ vPs 113:5 Ges^{«GKC:114m»§ 114m}). — ‎הִשְׁפִּילוּ וַתּאֹמֶר גֵּוָה֑‎ Job 22:29 is dubious; || ‎יוֺשִׁעַ‎ favours ‎אֱלוֺהַּ‎ as subject, which Bu conjecture For ‎׳‎‎וַתּאֹ‎, read then ‎הִשְׁפִּיל‎, ‎׳‎‎א‎ hath abased pride, so (in part) Du; > they cast (thee) down (RV); men are cast down (‎׳‎‎הִשׁ‎ intransitive; AV, compare Lag^{BN 121}); (thy ways) are brought low (Ew De Di).

Brown-Driver-Briggs References