Lexical Definition

‎צָרַף‎ tsâraph (tsaw-raf') to refine ^H:V
a primitive root

cast, (re-) fine(-er), founder, goldsmith, melt, pure, purge away, try.

• to fuse (metal), i.e. refine (literally or figuratively)

1) to smelt, refine, test
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to smelt, refine
1a2) to test
1a3) to test (and prove true)
1a4) smelter, refiner, goldsmith (participle)
1b) (Niphal) to be refined
1c) (Piel) to be a refiner
1c1) refiner (participle)

See Greek: ἀργυροκόπος · δοκιμάζω · ἐκκαθαίρω · καθαρίζω · κατασκευάζω · πυρόω · χαλκεύς

Brown-Driver-Briggs

‎צָרַף‎ verb smelt, refine, test (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician ‎מצרף‎ smelter; Assyrian ƒurrupu, refined, ƒarpu, silver, naƒraptu, crucible; Arabic is pure, unmixed (especially of wine); **compare pure silver, etc., Schulth^{GGA, 1902, 673}; also Zim^{GGA, 1899, 250; KAT 3, 650} (Hebrew, etc., borrowed from Assyrian); very doubtful is Sabean ‎צרף‎ silver, money, compare Mordtm^{Him. Inschr. pp. 14, 29} CIS^{iv, No. 291, 1.1}); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ‎׳‎‎צ‎ Jer 6:29, suffix ‎צְרָפָ֑תְהוּ‎ Ps 105:19 2 masculine singular suffix ‎צְרַפְתָּנִי‎ Ps 17:3, etc.; Imperfect 1 singular ‎אֶצְרֹף‎ Isa 1:25, suffix ‎אֶצְרְפֶנּוּ‎ Judg 7:4 Imperative masculine singular ‎צרופה‎ Ps 26:2 Kt, ‎צָרְפָה‎ Qr; Infinitive absolute ‎צָרוֺף‎ Jer 6:29 construct ‎לִצְרוֺף‎ Dan 11:35, etc.; Participle active suffix ‎צוֺרְכָּם‎ Jer 9:6*, etc.; pass. ‎צָרוּף‎ Ps 12:7*, etc.; —

1. smelt, refine: Jer 6:29 (twice in verse) in vain hath he smelted continually (infinitive absolute; figurative of purifying people); so smelt away Isa 1:25 (accusative of dross; figurative); of silver Zech 13:9; Ps 66:10, ‎כֶּסֶף צָרוּף‎ ‎בַּעֲלִיל‎ Ps 12:7* (all simile); of ‎׳‎‎אִמְרַת י‎ Ps 18:31* = 2Sam 22:31; Ps 119:140; Prov 30:5 (‎אִמְרַת אֱלוֺהַּ‎); refine (men, by trials) Dan 11:35 (+ ‎לִבָרֵר‎, ‎לַלְבֵּן‎).

2. test Judg 7:4 I will test them (the warriors) for thee (‎׳‎‎י‎ subject); — perhaps also vJudg 7:3 (see I. ‎צפר‎); more generally, of ‎׳‎‎י‎'s testing, trying (the hearts of) men (often || ‎בָּחַן‎) Jer 9:6*; Isa 48:10; Zech 13:9; Ps 26:2; Ps 66:10.

3. test (and prove true) a man (subject ‎׳‎‎י‎'s saying) Ps 105:19.

4. Participle active as noun smelter, refiner, hence = goldsmith Judg 17:4; Jer 10:9; Jer 10:14; Jer 51:17; Isa 40:19 (twice in verse) (but perhaps strike out v^b, compare Du Che Marti), Isa 41:7; Isa 46:6; Prov 25:4 as a guild Neh 3:8; Neh 3:32. Niph`al Imperfect 3 masculine plural ‎יִצָּֽרְפוּ‎ Dan 12:10 many shall be refined (by suffering; + ‎יִתְבָּֽרְרוּ‎, ‎יִתְלַבְּנוּ‎). Pi`el Participle ‎מְצָרֵף‎ as noun a refiner, ‎׳‎‎כְּאֵשׁ מ‎ Mal 3:2 (simile of ‎׳‎‎י‎), compare ‎׳‎‎מְ‎ alone vMal 3:3 (+ ‎מְטַהֵר כֶּסֶף‎).

Brown-Driver-Briggs References