Lexical Definition

‎אֶתְמוֹל‎ ʼethmôwl (eth-mole') previously ^H:Adv
or אִתְמוֹל ʼithmôwl (ith-mole'); or אֶתְמוּל ʼethmûwl (eth-mool'); probably from ‎אֵת‎ or ‎אֵת‎ and ‎מוּל‎

[phrase] before (that) time, [phrase] heretofore, of late (old), [phrase] times past, yester(day).

• heretofore
• definitely yesterday

1) yesterday, recently, formerly
1a) yesterday
1b) formerly (fig.)
1c) from yesterday, already (in phrase)
2) (TWOT +) before, before that time, before the time, heretofore, of late, of old, these days, time(s) past

See Greek: ἔμπροσθεν · ἡμέρα

Brown-Driver-Briggs

Also see: שִׁלְשׁוֹם | שַׂלְמָה

‎תְּמוֺל‎, ‎(תּמֹלׅ‎₂₃, ‎אֶתְמוֺל‎₅, ‎אֹתְּמוֺל‎ 1Sam 10:11, ‎אֶתְּמוֺל‎ Isa 30:33; Mic 2:8 (see infinitive), substantive, used sometimes as adverb accusative, yesterday, figurative recently, formerly (Aramaic ‎אִתְּמָלֵי‎, ‎תְּמָלֵי‎, sometimes ‎אִתְּמוֺל‎, , , Mandean ‎עתמאל‎ Nö^{M 202}; Ethiopic Assyrian timâli, itimâli, ina timâli (Dl^{158, 721}); derivation dubious; according to Mei^{Gr. Syr. 118} Kö^{ii. 264 f.} from Arabic II. prolongavit, IV. longam vitam concessit, tempus, the two times, i.e. night and day, in form an infinitive of VI. ; hence properly long time, (past) time, specialized to yesterday); — yesterday, but usually figurative= recently or formerly:

1. 2Sam 15:20 ‎תְּמוֺל בּוֺאֲךָ‎ yesterday (=only lately) was thy coming, Job 8:9 ‎תמול אנחנו‎ (of) yesterday (Ges^{«GKC:141d»§ 141d}) are we, Ps 90:4 (genitive) ‎בְּיוֺם אֶתְמוֺל‎.

2. usuually in combination with ‎שִׁלְשֹׁם‎ yesterday (and) the third day, to express the idea of formerly: thus
a. as adverb accusative (a) ‎גַּם תְּמוֺל גַּם הַיּוֺם‎ 1Sam 20:27 (literal), compare Exod 5:14 (sub b); (*b) ‎תְּמוֺל שִׁלְשֹׁם‎ Exod 5:8Ruth Exod 2:11, so ‎׳‎‎אֶתְמ‎ ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ 1Sam 4:7 (c) ‎׳‎‎גַּם שׁ‎ ‎׳‎‎גַּם ת‎ 2Sam 3:17; 1Chr 11:2 (|| 2Sam 5:2 with ‎׳‎‎אֶתְמ‎).
*b. ‎בִּתְמוֺל שִׁלְשֹׁם‎ as formerly Gen 31:2; Gen 31:5; Exod 5:7; Josh 4:18; 1Sam 21:6* (but Bu ‎׳‎‎מִתְּ‎, as c), 2Kgs 13:5 ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ ‎׳‎‎כְּאֶתְמ‎ 1Sam 14:21; 1Sam 19:7; Exod 5:14 ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ ‎׳‎‎כִּת‎ ‎גַּם תְּמוֺל גַּם הַיּוֺם‎ as yesterday (and) the third day (= as formerly), both yesterday and to-day (=so more recently).
c. ‎׳‎‎מִתְּמוֺל שׁ‎ = (form) aforetime, Exod 21:29; Exod 21:36; Josh 3:6, ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ ‎׳‎‎וְהוּא לֹא שׂנֵא לוֺ מִתְּ‎ Deut 4:42; Deut 19:4; Deut 19:6; Josh 20:5 so ‎׳‎‎מֵאִתְּמוֺל שׁ‎ 1Sam 10:11 ‎גַּס‎ ‎׳‎‎גַּס מִשּׁ‎ ‎׳‎‎מִתְּ‎ Exod 4:10.

3. ‎מֵאֶתְמוּל‎ (alone) Isa 30:33 from yesterday = already; ‎וְאֶתְּמוּל עַמִּי‎ Mic 2:8 corrupt, read ‎וְאַתֶּם לְעַמִּי‎ (WRS, with ‎יָקוּם‎; ‎עַל‎ ‎עַמִּי‎ We Now, with ‎תָּקוּמוּ‎), and see ‎שֵׂלְמָה‎.

Brown-Driver-Briggs References