Lexical Definition

‎ἄθωος‎ áthōos (ath'-o-os) innocent ^G:A
from ‎Α‎ (as a negative particle) and probably a derivative of ‎τίθημι‎ (meaning a penalty)

innocent.

• not guilty

Abbott-Smith

ἀθῷος (Rec. wrongly, -ῶος; LS, s.v.; Mayser, 131), -ον (< θωή, a penalty), [in LXX chiefly for נקה ni., pi., נָקִי;]
1. unpunished (MM, VGT, s.v.).
2. innocent: Mt 27:4 (WH, R, mg., δίκαιον) 27:24.

Abbott-Smith References

Liddell-Scott-Jones

ἀθῷος, ον,

(θωά, Ionic dialect θωιή):— scot-free, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀθῴους καθιστάναι τινάς to secure their immunity, [Refs]; ἀ. ἀπαλλάττειν or -εσθαι to get off scot-free, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

__2 with genitive, free from a thing, πληγῶν[Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀ. ἀδικημάτων unpunished for offences, [Refs 4th c.BC+]
__3 unharmed by, ἀθῷος τῆς Φιλίππου.. δυναστείας[Refs 4th c.BC+]
__II not deserving punishment, guiltless, ἀ. ὁ κτείνων[NT+3rd c.AD+]
__III active, causing no harm, harmless, κίνδυνος[ἀθῷος distinguished by Grammars from Ἄθωος">Refs 4th c.BC+], of Mt. Athos, [Refs 4th c.BC+]

_{LSJ Scripture Refs: LXX.Ps.23.4* ☩ Matt.27.24}