Lexical Definition

‎שָׁנָה‎ shânâh (shaw-naw') to change ^H:V
a primitive root

do (speak, strike) again, alter, double, (be given to) change, disguise, (be) diverse, pervert, prefer, repeat, return, do the second time.

• to fold, i.e. duplicate (literally or figuratively)
• by implication, to transmute (transitive or intransitive)

1) to repeat, do again, change, alter
1a) (Qal) to change
1b) (Niphal) to be repeated
1c) (Piel) to change, alter
1d) (Hithpael) to disguise oneself

See Greek: ἀθετέω · ἀναστρέφω · ἐφίστημι · προστίθημι

Brown-Driver-Briggs

I. [‎שָׁנָה‎] verb change (Late Hebrew Pi`el, etc.; Eccl 42:24 etc.; Assyrian šanû, change, Aramaic ‎שְׁנָא‎, Nabataean Ethpa`al Lzb³⁷⁹; Syriac , especially mentally = grow insane; compare (probably) Late Hebrew ‎שָׁנָה‎ year, = Phoenician ‎שנת‎, ‎שת‎; MI^{2, 8} ‎שת‎; Assyrian šattu (compare Muss-Arn^{JBL xi (1892), 73 n}.); Arabic ; Aramaic ‎שְׁנַא‎, ‎שַׁתָּא‎, , ; Old Aramaic, Nabataean, Palmyrene ‎שנתא‎, ‎שנת‎, ‎שת‎, ‎שנן‎ Lzb^{379 f.}; on year from changing seasons, see Philippi^{ZMG xxxii (1878), 79 f.} Ba^{ZMG xll (1887), 612, 621, 636} (especially against DHM^{VIme Orient. Congr. ii. 1, 452} who proposes biliteral √), compare Thes; a daring suggestion by Jen^{ZA vii (1892), 177}); —

Qal Perfect 1 singular ‎לאֹ שָׁנִיתִי‎ Mal 3:6 I am ‎׳‎‎׳‎‎י‎, I do not change: Imperfect 3 masculine singular ‎יִשְׁנֶא‎ (Ges^{«GKC:75rr»§ 75rr}) Lam 4:1 how is the fine gold changed (si vera lectio; Löhr^Now ‎יִשָּׁנֵא‎; gloss on ‎יוּעַס‎ Bu Löhr); Infinitive construct ‎שְׁנוֺת יְמִין עֶלְיוֺן‎ Ps 77:11* the right hand of the Highest is changed (ᵑ6 ᵑ9 ᵑ7 Aq Symm Theod Hup-Now RVm Bae Du We Buhl; AV RV Ew De Che and others years, usually insert I will remember); Participle ‎שׁוֺנִים‎ Esth 1:7 differing, different, with ‎מִן‎, compare Esth 3:8 (so Eccl 42:24); Prov 24:21 those who change (but dubious, see Toy). Pi`el transitive, change, alter: Perfect 3 masculine singular ‎שִׁנָּה‎ Jer 52:33 with accusative garments, = ‎שִׁנָּא‎ (Ges<sup>l.c</sup>.) 2Kgs 25:29 Imperfect 3 masculine singular ‎יְשַׁנֶּה דִּין‎ Prov 31:5 lest he pervert the judgment; ‎וַיְשַׁנּוֺ‎ 1Sam 21:14* (read ‎וַיְשַׁן‎ Ges<sup>«GKC:75bb»§ 75bb</sup>, ‎וַיְשַׁנֶּה‎ We Dr (and references), compare Bu HPS Now), with accusative ‎טַעְמוֺ‎ (see ‎טַעַם‎, and Assyrian šanê ‰êmi, madness); ‎וַיְשַׁנֶּהָ‎ Esth 2:9, i.e. changed her place ‎לְטוֺב בֵּית הַנָּשִׁים‎; 1 singular Ps 89:35* the utterance of my lips I will not change (|| ‎לֹא אֲחַלֵּל בְּרִיתִי‎); Infinitive construct ‎לְשַׁנּוֺת אֶתדַּֿרְכֵךְ‎ Jer 2:36 i.e. change thy political course; ‎בְּשַׁנּוֺתוֺ אֶתֿ טַעְמוֺ‎ Ps 34:1* (title; compare 1Sam 21:14* above); Participle ‎מְשַׁנֶּה פָנָיו‎ Job 14:20 altering his face, i.e. in death (subject God). Pu`al Imperfect 3 masculine singular ‎וְעֹז פָּנָיו יְשֻׁנֶּא‎ (Ges^{«GKC:75rr»§ 75rr}) Eccl 8:1, usually is changed, mollified, Siegf ‎יִשָּׂנֵא‎ is hated (on ‎׳‎‎עֹז פ‎ see ‎עֹז‎ 4, √‎עזז‎). Hithpa`el Perfect 2 feminine singular consecutive ‎קוּמִי וְהִשְׁתַּנִּית‎ 1Kgs 14:2 arise, pray, and disguise thyself.

III. ‎שָׁנָה‎ verb repeat, do again (Late Hebrew id.; Eccl 42:1 Arabic bend, fold, double; Aramaic ‎תְּנָא‎ repeat, also teach, ; Assyrian šanû, especially Pi`el repeat, relate, compare Scheil^{ZA v (1890), 409} (Dl thinks denominative); on ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ as √of ‎שְׁנַיִם‎ two, see Philippi^{ZMG xxxii (1878), 77} Ba^{ib. xli (1887), 603}); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ 2Sam 20:10 Imperfect 1 singular ‎אֶשְׁנֶה‎ 1Sam 26:8, etc.; Imperative masculine plural ‎שְׁנוּ‎ 1Kgs 18:34 Participle ‎שֹׁנֶה‎ Prov 17:9; Prov 26:11 — do again: ‎לוֺ‎ ‎׳‎‎וַיַּכֵּהוּוְ֗֗֗לֹא שׁ‎ 2Sam 20:10, compare 1Sam 26:8 absolute 1Kgs 18:34 (twice in verse); Neh 13:21 = speak again Job 29:22 + Job 40:5 according to many moderns (‎אשׁנה‎ for ᵑ0 ‎אענה‎); ‎בְּדָבָר‎ ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ Prov 17:9 repeat with a thing, keep talking about it (‎שנות דבר‎ Eccl 42:1); Prov 26:11 a dullard repeats with (‎ב‎) his folly, does it over again (learns nothing by experience). Niph`al Infinitive construct ‎וְעַל הִשָּׁנוֺת הַחֲלוֺם אֶלפַּֿרְעֹה פַּעֲמָ֑יִם‎ Gen 41:32 (E) concerning the dream's being repeated, etc.

Brown-Driver-Briggs References