Lexical Definition

‎עָצַב‎ ʻâtsab (aw-tsab') to hurt ^H:V
a primitive root

displease, grieve, hurt, make, be sorry, vex, worship, wrest.

• properly, to carve, i.e. fabricate or fashion
• hence (in a bad sense) to worry, pain or anger

1) to hurt, pain, grieve, displease, vex, wrest
1a) (Qal) to hurt, pain
1b)(Niphal) to be in pain, be pained, be grieved
1c) (Piel) to vex, torture
1d) (Hiphil) to cause pain
1e) (Hithpael) to feel grieved, be vexed
2) to shape, fashion, make, form, stretch into shape, (TWOT) worship
2a) (Piel) to shape, form
2b) (Hiphil) to form, copy, fashion

See Greek: βδελύσσω · διαπονέω · θραύω · κατανύσσω · καταπίπτω · λυπέω · παροξύνω · παροργίζω · πλάσσω · ποιέω · ταπεινόω

Extended Information

• Aramaic equivalent: a.tsav (‎ע‎ֲ‎צ‎ַ‎ב‎ "to pain" עֲצַב)

Brown-Driver-Briggs

I. [‎עָצַב‎] verb hurt, pain, grieve (Late Hebrew Nithp. and in derivatives; ᵑ7 ‎עֲצַב‎ be in pain (rare); Ethiopic be hard, difficult, Lag^{BN 50, compare 201} compare Arabic be angry, but dubious); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular suffix ‎עֲצָבוֺ‎ 1Kgs 1:6 his father had not pained him (ᵐ5 Klo Gr ‎עֲצָרוֺ‎, but see Benz); insert ‎עָצַב‎ (with other words) 2Sam 13:21 ᵐ5 Ew Th We Kit Bu HPS; Infinitive construct suffix ‎לְבִלְתִּי עָצְבִּי‎ 1Chr 4:10 that it (‎רָעָה‎) may not pain me; Passive participle construct ‎עֲצוּבַת רוּחַ‎ Isa 54:6 hurt in spirit (of Zion under figure of deserted wife). Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular ‎נֶעְצַב‎ 1Sam 20:24 be pained for (‎אֶל‎ person; strike out ᵐ5 HPS); ‎נֶעֱצַב‎ 2Sam 19:3* the king is in pain (is grieving) for (‎עַל‎ person); Imperfect 3 masculine singular ‎יֵעָצֵב‎ 1Sam 20:3 lest he be pained; + ‎בָּהֶם‎ instrumental Eccl 10:9 shall be hurt by them (i.e. ‎אֲבָנִים‎; only here of physical pain); 2 masculine plural ‎תֵּעָֽצְבוּ‎ Gen 45:5 be not grieved (+ ‎יִחַר‎; followed by‎כִּי‎ that ye sold me), compare Neh 8:10; Neh 8:11 (absolute) do not grieve. Pi`el Perfect 3 plural ‎עִצְּבוּ‎ with accusative Isa 63:10 they vexed his holy spirit (+ ‎מָרוּ‎); Imperfect 3 masculine plural ‎בְּבָרַי יְעַצֵּ֑בוּ‎ Ps 56:6* my affairs they vex (Thes and others), but improbable, < Che ‎׳‎‎בְּדָבָר יְע‎ with speech they vex (me). Hiph`il Imperfect 3 masculine plural suffix ‎יַעֲצִיבוּהוּ‎ Ps 78:40 they used to cause him [‎׳‎‎י‎] pain. Hithpa`el Imperfect 3 masculine singular ‎וַיִּתְעַצֵּב אֶללִֿבּוֺ‎ Gen 6:6 and he was vexed to his heart (of ‎׳‎‎י‎; || ‎וַיִּנָּחֶם‎); 3 masculine plural ‎וִיִּתְעַצְּבוּ‎ Gen 34:7 (+ ‎וַיִּחַר‎, followed by clause with ‎כִּי‎).

II. [‎עָצַב‎] verb Pi`el shape, fashion (Late Hebrew Pi`el stretch child into shape; Buhl^Lex compare out, cut off [whence idea of carving, fashioning]); —

Pi`el Perfect ‎יָדֶיךָ עִצְּבוּנִי וַעיַּעֲשׂוּנִי‎ Job 10:8 thy hands shaped me, etc. Hiph`il Infinitiveconstruct ‎לְהַעֲצִבָה‎ Jer 44:19, but read ‎בָהּ‎-, to fashion her, i.e. make images of her (possibly denominative from ‎עָצָב‎).

Brown-Driver-Briggs References