(KJV) Romans 91

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Paul’s Concern for the Jews

[1] I say2 the truth in Christ, I lie not, my conscience3 also bearing me witness in the Holy Ghost, [2] That I have great heaviness and continual sorrow in my heart.4 [3] For I could5 wish that myself were6 accursed7 from Christ for my brethren, my kinsmen8 according to the flesh: [4] Who are Israelites9; to whom [pertaineth] the adoption10, and the glory11, and the covenants12, and the giving13 of the law, and the service14 [of God], and the promises15; [5] Whose [are] the fathers16, and of whom17 as concerning the flesh Christ [came], who is18 over all, God blessed19 for ever. Amen20.

God’s Sovereign Choice[ Genesis 25:19–28 Malachi 1:1–5 ]

[6] Not as though21 the word of God hath taken none effect. For they [are] not22 all Israel, which are of Israel: [7] Neither, because23 they are the seed of Abraham, [are they] all children: but, In Isaac24 shall thy seed be called. [8] That is, They which25 are the children of the flesh, these [are] not the children of God: but the children of the promise are counted26 for the seed. [9] For this [is] the word of promise, At this time27 will I come, and Sara28 shall have a son. [10] And not only29 [this]; but when30 Rebecca also had conceived by one, [even] by our father Isaac; [11] (For [the children31] being not yet born, neither having done any good or evil, that the32 purpose of God according33 to election might stand, not of works34, but of35 him that calleth;) [12] It was said unto her, The elder36 shall serve the younger37. [13] As it is written, Jacob38 have I loved, but Esau have I hated39. [14] What shall40 we say then? [Is there] unrighteousness41 with God? God forbid. [15] For he saith to Moses, I will have42 mercy on whom I will have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion. [16] So then [it is] not of him that willeth, nor of him that runneth, but of God that sheweth mercy.43 [17] For44 the scripture saith unto Pharaoh, Even45 for this same purpose have I raised46 thee up, that47 I might shew my power in thee, and that my48 name might be declared throughout all the earth. [18] Therefore hath49 he mercy on whom he will [have mercy], and whom he will he50 hardeneth. [19] Thou51 wilt say then unto me, Why doth52 he yet find fault? For who hath resisted his will? [20] Nay but, O man53, who art54 thou that repliest55 against God? Shall56 the thing formed say to him that formed [it], Why hast thou made me thus? [21] Hath not the potter57 power over the clay, of the same lump to make one vessel58 unto honour, and another unto dishonour? [22] [What] if God, willing59 to shew [his] wrath, and to make his power known, endured60 with much longsuffering the vessels61 of wrath fitted62 to destruction: [23] And that he might63 make known the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy, which he had afore64 prepared unto glory, [24] Even us, whom65 he hath called, not of the Jews66 only, but also of the Gentiles? [25] As he saith also in Osee67, I will call68 them my people, which were not my people; and her beloved69, which was not beloved. [26] And it70 shall come to pass, [that] in the place where it was said unto them, Ye [are] not my people; there shall71 they be called the children of the living God. [27] Esaias72 also crieth concerning Israel, Though73 the number of the children of Israel be as the sand of the sea, a remnant74 shall be saved: [28] For he will finish the work75, and cut76 [it] short in righteousness77: because a short work will the Lord make upon the earth. [29] And as Esaias said before, Except78 the Lord of Sabaoth79 had left us a seed, we had been80 as Sodoma81, and been made like unto Gomorrha.

Israel’s Unbelief

[30] What shall82 we say then? That the Gentiles83, which followed84 not after righteousness, have attained to righteousness, even the righteousness85 which is of faith. [31] But Israel, which followed86 after the law of righteousness, hath87 not attained to the law of righteousness. [32] Wherefore? Because88 [they sought it] not by faith, but as it were by the works of the law. For they stumbled89 at that stumblingstone; [33] As it is written, Behold90, I lay in Sion a stumblingstone and rock of offence: and whosoever91 believeth on him shall not be ashamed92.

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  1. Rom 9:1, Paul is sorry for the Jews; Rom 9:7, All of Abraham not of the promise; Rom 9:18, God’s sovereignty; Rom 9:25, The calling of the Gentiles and rejecting of the Jews, foretold; Rom 9:32, The cause of the Jews’ stumbling. 

  2. Rom 1:9; 2Cor 1:23, 2Cor 11:31, 2Cor 12:19; Gal 1:20; Phil 1:8; 1Thess 2:5; 1Tim 2:7, 1Tim 5:21 

  3. Rom 2:15, Rom 8:16; 2Cor 1:12; 1Tim 1:5; 1John 3:19-21 

  4. Rom 10:1; 1Sam 15:35; Ps 119:136; Isa 66:10; Jer 9:1, Jer 13:17; Lam 1:12; Lam 3:48-49, Lam 3:51; Ezek 9:4; Luke 19:41-44; Phil 3:18; Rev 11:3 

  5. Exod 32:32 

  6. Deut 21:23; Josh 6:17-18; 1Sam 14:24, 1Sam 14:44; Gal 1:8, Gal 3:10, Gal 3:13 

  7. or, separated 

  8. Rom 11:1; Gen 29:14; Esth 8:6; Acts 7:23-26, Acts 13:26 

  9. Rom 9:6; Gen 32:28; Exod 19:3-6; Deut 7:6; Ps 73:1; Isa 41:8, Isa 46:3; John 1:47 

  10. Exod 4:22; Deut 14:1; Jer 31:9, Jer 31:20; Hos 11:1 

  11. Num 7:89; 1Sam 4:21-22; 1Kgs 8:11; Ps 63:2, Ps 78:61, Ps 90:16; Isa 60:19 

  12. or, testaments, Gen 15:18, Gen 17:2, Gen 17:7, Gen 17:10; Exod 24:7-8, Exod 34:27; Deut 29:1, Deut 31:16; Neh 13:29; Ps 89:3, Ps 89:34; Jer 31:33, Jer 33:20-25; Acts 3:25; Heb 8:6-10 

  13. Rom 3:2; Neh 9:13-14; Ps 147:19; Ezek 20:11-12; John 1:17 

  14. Exod 12:25; Isa 5:2; Matt 21:33; Heb 9:3, Heb 9:10 

  15. Luke 1:54-55, Luke 1:69-75; Acts 2:39, Acts 3:25-26, Acts 13:32-33; Eph 2:12; Heb 6:13-17 

  16. Rom 11:28; Deut 10:15 

  17. Rom 1:3; Gen 12:3, Gen 49:10; Isa 7:14, Isa 11:1; Matt 1:1-17; Luke 3:23-38; 2Tim 2:8; Rev 22:16 

  18. Rom 10:12; Ps 45:6, Ps 103:19; Isa 9:6-7; Jer 23:5-6; Mic 5:2; John 1:1-3; John 10:30; Acts 20:28; Phil 2:6-11; Col 1:16; 1Tim 3:16; Heb 1:8-13; 1John 5:20 

  19. Rom 1:25; Ps 72:19; 2Cor 11:31; 1Tim 6:15 

  20. Deut 27:15-26; 1Kgs 1:36; 1Chr 16:36; Ps 41:13, Ps 89:52, Ps 106:48; Jer 28:6; Matt 6:13, Matt 28:20; 1Cor 14:16; Rev 1:18, Rev 5:14, Rev 22:20 

  21. Rom 3:3, Rom 11:1-2; Num 23:19; Isa 55:11; Matt 24:35; John 10:35; 2Tim 2:13; Heb 6:17-18 

  22. Rom 2:28-29, Rom 4:12-16; John 1:47; Gal 6:16 

  23. Luke 3:8, Luke 16:24-25, Luke 16:30; John 8:37-39; Phil 3:3 

  24. Gen 21:12; Heb 11:18 

  25. Rom 4:11-16; Gal 4:22-31 

  26. Gen 31:15; Ps 22:30, Ps 87:6; John 1:13; Gal 3:26-29, Gal 4:28; 1John 3:1-2 

  27. Gen 17:21, Gen 18:10, Gen 18:14, Gen 21:2 

  28. Heb 11:11-12, Heb 11:17 

  29. Rom 5:3, Rom 5:11; Luke 16:26 

  30. Gen 25:21-23, Rebekah 

  31. Rom 4:17; Ps 51:5; Eph 2:3 

  32. Rom 8:28-30; Isa 14:24, Isa 14:26-27, Isa 23:9, Isa 46:10-11; Jer 51:29; Eph 1:9-11; Eph 3:11; 2Tim 1:9 

  33. Rom 11:5, Rom 11:7; Eph 1:4-5; 1Thess 1:4; 2Pet 1:10 

  34. Rom 11:6; Eph 2:9; Titus 3:5 

  35. Rom 8:28; 1Thess 2:12; 2Thess 2:13-14; 1Pet 5:10; Rev 17:14 

  36. or, The greater, Gen 25:22-23; 2Sam 8:14; 1Kgs 22:47 

  37. or, lesser 

  38. Mal 1:2-3 

  39. Gen 29:31, Gen 29:33; Deut 21:15; Prov 13:24; Matt 10:37; Luke 14:26; John 12:25 

  40. Rom 3:1, Rom 3:5 

  41. Rom 2:5, Rom 3:5-6; Gen 18:25; Deut 32:4; 2Chr 19:7; Job 8:3, Job 34:10-12, Job 34:18-19; Job 35:2; Ps 92:15, Ps 145:17; Jer 12:1; Rev 15:3-4, Rev 16:7 

  42. Rom 9:16, Rom 9:18-19; Exod 33:19, Exod 34:6-7; Isa 27:11; Mic 7:18 

  43. Rom 9:11; Gen 27:1-4, Gen 27:9-14; Ps 110:3; Isa 65:1; Matt 11:25-26; Luke 10:21; John 1:12-13, John 3:8; 1Cor 1:26-31; Eph 2:4-5; Phil 2:13; 2Thess 2:13-14; Titus 3:3-5; Jas 1:18; 1Pet 2:9-10 

  44. Rom 11:4; Gal 3:8, Gal 3:22, Gal 4:30 

  45. Exod 9:16 

  46. 1Sam 2:7-8; Esth 4:14; Isa 10:5-6, Isa 45:1-3; Jer 27:6-7; Dan 4:22; Dan 5:18-21 

  47. Exod 10:1-2, Exod 14:17-18, Exod 15:14-15, Exod 18:10-11; Josh 2:9-10, Josh 9:9; 1Sam 4:8; Ps 83:17-18; Prov 16:4; Isa 37:20 

  48. John 17:26 

  49. Rom 9:15-16, Rom 5:20-21; Eph 1:6 

  50. Rom 1:24-28, Rom 11:7-8; Exod 4:21, Exod 7:13; Deut 2:30; Josh 11:20; Isa 63:17; Matt 13:14-15; Acts 28:26-28; 2Thess 2:10-12 

  51. Rom 3:8; 1Cor 15:12, 1Cor 15:35; Jas 1:13 

  52. Rom 3:5-7; Gen 50:20; 2Chr 20:6; Job 9:12-15, Job 9:19, Job 23:13-14; Ps 76:10; Isa 10:6-7, Isa 46:10-11; Dan 4:35; Mark 14:21; Acts 2:23, Acts 4:27-28 

  53. Rom 2:1; Mic 6:8; 1Cor 7:16; Jas 2:20 

  54. Job 33:13, Job 36:23, Job 38:2-3, Job 40:2, Job 40:5, Job 40:8, Job 42:2-6; Matt 20:15 

  55. or, answerest again, Job 16:3; Titus 2:9, or, disputes with God, 1Cor 1:20; 1Tim 6:5 

  56. Isa 29:16, Isa 45:9-11 

  57. Rom 9:11, Rom 9:18; Prov 16:4; Isa 64:8; Jer 18:3-6 

  58. Rom 9:22-23; Jer 22:28; Hos 8:8; Acts 9:15; 2Tim 2:20-21 

  59. Rom 9:17, Rom 1:18, Rom 2:4-5; Exod 9:16; Ps 90:11; Prov 16:4; Rev 6:16-17 

  60. Num 14:11, Num 14:18; Ps 50:21-22; Eccl 8:11-12; Lam 3:22; 1Pet 3:20; 2Pet 2:3, 2Pet 2:9; 2Pet 3:8-9, 2Pet 3:15; Jude 1:4; Rev 6:9-11 

  61. The Apostle, by employing the appellation of the vessels of wrath, carries on the similitude of the potter, by which he had illustrated the sovereignty of God. Rom 9:21; 1Thess 5:9; 2Tim 2:20 

  62. or, made up, Gen 15:16; Matt 23:31-33; 1Thess 2:16; 1Pet 2:8; Jude 1:4 

  63. Rom 2:4, Rom 5:20-21; Eph 1:6-8, Eph 1:18, Eph 2:4, Eph 2:7, Eph 2:10, Eph 3:8, Eph 3:16; Col 1:27; 2Thess 1:10-12 

  64. 1Chr 29:18; Luke 1:17; Eph 2:3-5; Col 1:12; 1Thess 5:9; 2Thess 2:13-14; 2Tim 2:21; Titus 3:3-7; 1Pet 1:2-5 

  65. Rom 8:28-30; 1Cor 1:9; Heb 3:1; 1Pet 5:10; Rev 19:9 

  66. Rom 3:29-30, Rom 4:11-12, Rom 10:12, Rom 11:11-13, Rom 15:8-16; Gen 49:10; Ps 22:27; Acts 13:47-48, Acts 15:14, Acts 21:17-20; Gal 3:28; Eph 2:11-13, Eph 3:6-8; Col 3:11 

  67. Hos 1:1-2, Hosea 

  68. Hos 2:23; 1Pet 2:10 

  69. Rom 1:7; Ezek 16:8; John 16:27 

  70. Hos 1:9-10 

  71. Rom 8:16; Isa 43:6; John 11:52; 2Cor 6:18; Gal 3:26; 1John 3:1-3 

  72. Isa 1:1, Isaiah 

  73. Isa 10:20-23 

  74. Rom 11:4-6; Ezra 9:8, Ezra 9:14; Isa 1:9, Isa 10:20-21, Isa 11:11, Isa 24:13; Jer 5:10; Ezek 6:8; Mic 5:3-8 

  75. or, account 

  76. Isa 28:22, Isa 30:12-14; Dan 9:26-27; Matt 24:21 

  77. Ps 9:8, Ps 65:5; Isa 5:16; Acts 17:31; Rev 19:11 

  78. Isa 1:9, Isa 6:13; Lam 3:22 

  79. Jas 5:4 

  80. Gen 19:24-25; Isa 13:19; Jer 49:18, Jer 50:40; Lam 4:6; Amos 4:11; Zeph 2:6 

  81. Gomorrah, 2Pet 2:6; Jude 1:7 

  82. Rom 9:14, Rom 3:5 

  83. Rom 1:18-32, Rom 4:11, Rom 10:20; Isa 65:1-2; 1Cor 6:9-11; Eph 2:12, Eph 4:17-19; 1Pet 4:3 

  84. Rom 9:31; Prov 15:9, Prov 21:21; Isa 51:1; 1Tim 6:11 

  85. Rom 1:17, Rom 3:22, Rom 4:9, Rom 4:11, Rom 4:13, Rom 4:22, Rom 5:1, Rom 10:10; Gal 3:8, Gal 5:5; Phil 3:9; Heb 11:7 

  86. Rom 9:30-32, Rom 10:2-4; Gal 3:21; Phil 3:6 

  87. Rom 3:20, Rom 4:14-15, Rom 11:7; Gal 3:10-11, Gal 5:3-4; Jas 2:10-11 

  88. Rom 4:16, Rom 10:3; Matt 19:16-20; John 6:27-29; Acts 16:30-34; 1John 5:9-12 

  89. Rom 11:11; Matt 13:57; Luke 2:34, Luke 7:23; 1Cor 1:23 

  90. Ps 118:22; Isa 8:14-15, Isa 28:16; Matt 21:42, Matt 21:44; 1Pet 2:7-8 

  91. Rom 5:5, Rom 10:11; Ps 25:2-3, Ps 25:20; Isa 45:17, Isa 54:4; Joel 2:26-27; Phil 1:20; 2Tim 1:12; 1John 2:28 

  92. or, confounded, 1Pet 2:6