Lexical Definition

‎מָרַר‎ mârar (maw-rar') to provoke ^H:V
a primitive root; properly, to trickle (see ‎מַר‎); but used only as a denominative from ‎מַר‎

(be, be in, deal, have, make) bitter(-ly, -ness), be moved with choler, (be, have sorely, it) grieved(-eth), provoke, vex.

• to be (causatively, make) bitter (literally or figuratively)

1) to be bitter
1a) (Qal) to be bitter
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to show bitterness
1b2) to make bitter
1c) (Hiphil) to make bitter, embitter
1d) (Hithpalpel)
1d1) to embitter oneself
1d2) to be enraged
2) (TWOT) to be strong, strengthen

See Greek: ἀπειθέω · θυμόω · ὀδυνάω · ὀργίζω · πικρός · πικρῶς

Brown-Driver-Briggs

I. ‎מָרַר‎ verb be bitter (Late Hebrew id.; Assyrian marâru and derivatives Dl^{HWB 427}; Arabic become roused (of bile), II. make bitter, IV. become bitter; bitter; Ethiopic ; Aramaic , ‎מְרַר‎); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ‎מַר‎ Isa 38:17 + 2 t.; 3 feminine singular ‎מָ֫רָה‎ 1Sam 30:6; 2Kgs 4:27 Imperfect 3 masculine singular ‎יֵמַר‎ Isa 24:9 — be bitter:

1. literal ‎יֵמַר שֵׁכָר לְשֹׁתָיו‎ Isa 24:9.

2. figurative ‎מָ֫רָה נֶפֶשׁ‎ 1Sam 30:6 the soul of all the people was bitter against (‎עַלֿ‎); ‎נַפְשָׁהּ מָ֫רָהלָֿהּ‎ 2Kgs 4:27 her soul, it is bitter to her (i.e. she is in bitter distress); impersonal ‎מַרלִֿי מְאֹד מִכֶּם‎ Ruth 1:13 it is very bitter to me on your account (I am much distressed), compare Lam 1:4. — ‎לְשָׁלוֺם מַרלִֿי מָ֑ר‎ Isa 38:17 is dubious; Che^Comm. for (my) welfare was it (so) bitter to me, (so) bitter, compare Brd; so De Kau (treating ‎מר‎ apparently as adjective ); < Drechsl. Di for my welfare did the bitter become bitter to me (‎מָ֑ר‎ adjective); Lo Gr, compare Buhl (sub ‎מַר‎ adjective ), read ‎מָר‎ for ‎מַר‎ (√ ‎מור‎), the bitter is changed for me into welfare; Che^{Hpt strike out} ‎מָ֑ר‎; Du (after ᵐ5) strike out clause as gloss. Pi`el Imperfect 1 singular ‎אֲמָרֵר‎ Isa 22:4 3 masculine plural ‎וַיְמָֽרֲרוּ‎ Exod 1:14, suffix ‎וַיְמָֽרֲרֻהוּ‎ Gen 49:23 — make bitter, shew bitterness: —

1. ‎׳‎‎וַיְמ‎ Gen 49:23 (poem) and the archers shewed bitterness (i.e. bitter hostility) toward him (suffix of indirect object); ‎אֲמָרֵר בַּבֶּכִ֑י‎ Isa 22:4 I will shew bitterness in weeping (= weep bitterly).

2. ‎אֶתחַֿיֵּיהֶם‎ ‎׳‎‎וַיְמ‎ Exod 1:14 (P) and they made their lives bitter by slavery. Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular ‎הֵמַר‎ Ruth 1:20; Job 27:2 Imperfect 2 masculine singular ‎תַּמֵּר‎ Exod 23:21 (but read ‎תֶּ֫מֶר‎ √ ‎מרה‎ Hiph`il q. v.); Infinitive absolute ‎הָמֵר‎ Zech 12:10 (twice in verse); — make bitter, shew bitterness:

1. ‎שַׁדַּי הֵמַר נַפְשִׁי‎ Job 27:2 Shadday, who hath embittered my soul; ‎הֵמַר שַׁדַּי לִי מְאֹד‎ Ruth 1:20.

2. ‎וְהָמֵר עָלָיו כְּהָמֵר עַלהַֿבְּכוֺר‎ Zech 12:10 and a bitter outcry (= literally shewing bitterness; || ‎מִסְפֵּד‎, ‎סָפַד‎) over him, like a bitter outcry over the first-born. Hithpalpel Imperfect ‎וְיִתְמַרְמַר‎ Dan 11:11 and the king of the south shall embitter himself (be enraged); ‎אֶלֿ‎ ‎׳‎‎וַיִּתְמ‎ Dan 8:7 and he was enraged against.

Brown-Driver-Briggs References