Lexical Definition

‎צוּם‎ tsûwm (tsoom) to fast ^H:V
a primitive root

[idiom] at all, fast.

• to cover over (the mouth), i.e. to fast

1) (Qal) to abstain from food, fast

See Greek: νηστεύω

Brown-Driver-Briggs

[‎צוּם‎] verb abstain from food, fast (Late Hebrew id.; Arabic () , Ethiopic Aramaic ‎צוּם‎, ); —

Qal Perfect 2 masculine singular ‎צַמְתָּ‎ 2Sam 12:21 2 masculine plural ‎צַמְתֶּם‎ Zech 7:5, suffix ‎צַמְתֻּנִי‎ vZech 7:5 Imperfect 3 masculine singular ‎וַיָּ֫צָם‎ 2Sam 12:16, ‎וַיָּצוֺ֑ם‎ 1Kgs 21:27 1 singular ‎אָצוּם‎Esth 4:16, etc.; Imperative masculine plural ‎צוּמוּ‎ vEsth 4:16 Infinitive absolute ‎צוֺם‎ Zech 7:5 Participle ‎צָם‎ 2Sam 12:23; Neh 1:4 — fast, in mourning the dead 1Sam 31:13 = 1Chr 10:12; 2Sam 1:12 in worship (contrition, intercession, etc.) Jonah 20:26; 1Sam 7:6; 1Sam 2:16 (with accusative of congnate meaning with verb ‎צוֺם‎; || ‎בִּקֵּשׁ‎), v2Sam 12:23 and (+‎בָּכָה‎), v2Sam 12:21 v2Sam 12:22 (q. v. for explanation), Jer 14:12; Zech 7:5 (+‎סְפוֺד‎), ‎הֲצוֺם צַמְתֻּנִי‎ vZech 7:5 (Ges^{«GKC:117x»§ 117x}) was it at all unto me [‎׳‎‎י‎] that ye fasted ? ‎וָאֱהִי צָם‎ Neh 1:4 (periphrase conjectural; +‎מִתְפַּלֵּל‎), compare Ezra 8:23 (+‎בִּפֵּשׁ‎), Esth 4:16 (with ‎עַל‎ person for whom), vEsth 4:16, Isa 58:3 (|| ‎עִנִּינוּ נַפְשֵׁנוּ‎), vIsa 58:4 (with ‎ל‎ of thing), vIsa 58:4 once in disappointment and vexation 1Kgs 21:27.

Brown-Driver-Briggs References