Lexical Definition

‎כָּאַב‎ kâʼab (kaw-ab') to pain ^H:V
a primitive root

grieving, mar, have pain, make sad (sore), (be) sorrowful.

• properly, to feel pain
• by implication, to grieve
• figuratively, to spoil

1) to be in pain, be sore, have pain, be sorrowful
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be in pain (physical)
1a2) to be in pain (mental)
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to cause pain, hurt, mar
1b2) pain, mar (participle)

See Greek: ἀχρειόω · διαστρέφω · πόνος

Brown-Driver-Briggs

‎כָּאַב‎ verb be in pain (Aramaic ‎כְּאֵב‎, id.; Arabic be sorrowful, sad; Assyrian in derivatives, ikkibu, pain Zim^{BP 67}, kêbtu, ruin Hpt in KAT^{2 Glossary i}.) —

Qal Imperfect ‎יִכְאָבֿ‎ Prov 14:13 ‎יִכְאָ֑ב‎ Job 14:22 Participle ‎כּוֺאֵב‎ Ps 69:30* ‎כֹּאֲבִים‎ Gen 34:25 —

1. be in pain, physical Gen 34:25 (J, as result of circumcision); Job 14:22 (subject ‎בָּשָׂר‎; poetic of body in grave || ‎נַפְשׁוֺ תֶּאֱבָ֑ל‎).

2. of mental pain Prov 14:13 (subject ‎לֵב‎; probably also Ps 69:30* (|| ‎עָנִי‎). Hiph`il Perfect 1 singular suffix ‎הִכְאַבְתִּיו‎ Ezek 13:22 2 feminine plural ‎הִכְאַבְתֶּן‎ vEzek 13:22 ᵐ5 ᵑ7 Co (ᵑ0 ‎הַכְאוֺת‎ see ‎כָּאָה‎); Imperfect ‎יַכְאִיב‎ Job 5:18 ‎תַּכְאִ֫בוּ‎ 2Kgs 3:19 Participle ‎מַכְאִב‎ Ezek 28:24 — pain, mar;

1. of enemies of Israel under figure of thorn causing pain (no object expressed) ‎׳‎‎קוֺץ מַכ‎ Ezek 28:24 (|| ‎מַמְאִיר סִלּוֺן‎); of ‎שַׁדַּי‎, no object expressed, Job 5:18 (opposed to ‎חָבַשׁ‎, || ‎מָחַץ‎.

2. of mental pain, object ‎לֵב‎, Ezek 13:22 (subject false prophetesses, see above); compare vEzek 13:22 (subject ‎׳‎‎י‎).

3. (si vera lectio) of marring good land with stones 2Kgs 3:19, ᵐ5 άχρειώσετε (Klo ‎תְּאַבְּדוּ‎).

Brown-Driver-Briggs References